Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: lak̑- 'to spot, sprinkle'
Semantic Field(s): to Strew, Spread Out
Indo-European Reflexes:
Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|
English | ||||
Old English: | le(a)x, læx | n.masc | lox, salmon | ASD |
English: | gravlax | n | salmon cured in salt/sugar/dill | AHD |
lox | n | smoked salmon | AHD/W7 | |
West Germanic | ||||
Old High German: | lahs | n | lox, salmon | W7 |
German: | Lachs | n | lox, salmon | ASD |
Yiddish: | laks | n | lox | W7 |
North Germanic | ||||
Old Icelandic: | lax | n.masc | lox, salmon | LRC |
Icelandic: | graflax | n | gravlax | LRC |
lax | n | lox, salmon | ASD | |
Norwegian: | gravlaks | n | gravlax | LRC |
Danish: | gravlaks | n | gravlax | LRC |
laks | n | lox, salmon | TLL | |
Swedish: | lax | n | lox, salmon | TLL |
Baltic | ||||
Old Prussian: | lasasso | n | lox, salmon | LRC |
Lithuanian: | lašišà | n.fem | lox, salmon | LRC |
Latvian: | lasis | n.masc | lox, salmon | LRC |
Armenian | ||||
Armenian: | losdi | n | lox, salmon | LRC |
Iranian | ||||
Persian: | raxsh | adj | spotted red/white | LRC |
Ossetic: | läsäg | n | lox, salmon | LRC |
Indic | ||||
Sanskrit: | lākṣā | n | red lacquer | LRC |
Tocharian | ||||
Tocharian B: | laks | n | fish | LRC |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
Abbrev. | Meaning | |
---|---|---|
adj | = | adjective |
fem | = | feminine (gender) |
masc | = | masculine (gender) |
n | = | noun |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
Code | Citation | |
---|---|---|
AHD | = | Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000) |
ASD | = | Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898) |
LRC | = | Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin |
TLL | = | Frederick Bodmer: The Loom of Language (1944) |
W7 | = | Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963) |