Indo-European Lexicon

PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.

All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.

Pokorny Etymon: lak̑-   'to spot, sprinkle'

Semantic Field(s): to Strew, Spread Out

 

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language Reflex(es) PoS/Gram. Gloss Source(s)
English  
Old English: le(a)x, læx n.masc lox, salmon ASD
English: gravlax n salmon cured in salt/sugar/dill AHD
lox n smoked salmon AHD/W7
West Germanic  
Old High German: lahs n lox, salmon W7
German: Lachs n lox, salmon ASD
Yiddish: laks n lox W7
North Germanic  
Old Icelandic: lax n.masc lox, salmon LRC
Icelandic: graflax n gravlax LRC
lax n lox, salmon ASD
Norwegian: gravlaks n gravlax LRC
Danish: gravlaks n gravlax LRC
laks n lox, salmon TLL
Swedish: lax n lox, salmon TLL
Baltic  
Old Prussian: lasasso n lox, salmon LRC
Lithuanian: lašišà n.fem lox, salmon LRC
Latvian: lasis n.masc lox, salmon LRC
Armenian  
Armenian: losdi n lox, salmon LRC
Iranian  
Persian: raxsh adj spotted red/white LRC
Ossetic: läsäg n lox, salmon LRC
Indic  
Sanskrit: lākṣā n red lacquer LRC
Tocharian  
Tocharian B: laks n fish LRC

 

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev. Meaning
adj=adjective
fem=feminine (gender)
masc=masculine (gender)
n=noun

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code Citation
AHD=Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000)
ASD=Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898)
LRC=Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
TLL=Frederick Bodmer: The Loom of Language (1944)
W7=Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963)

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