Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: leig̑h-, sleig̑h- 'to lick'
Semantic Field(s): to Lick
Indo-European Reflexes:
| Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Celtic | ||||
| Old Irish: | ligim | vb | to lick | GED |
| Welsh: | llyfu, llyv | vb | to lick | LRC |
| English | ||||
| Old English: | liccian | vb.wk | to lick | ASD/GED |
| Middle English: | lechour | n | lecher | W7 |
| licken | vb | to lick | W7 | |
| English: | cunnilingus | n | oral stimulation of vulva/clitoris | AHD/W7 |
| lecher | n | one who engages in lechery | AHD/W7 | |
| lichen | n | thallophytic plants (algae/fungi) growing in symbiosis | AHD/W7 | |
| lick | vb | to draw tongue over | AHD/W7 | |
| West Germanic | ||||
| Old Saxon: | lekkōn, likkōn | vb | to lick | GED |
| Middle Low German: | slec | n.str.masc | sweet-tooth | GED |
| slicken | vb.wk | to lick | GED | |
| Old High German: | leckōn, lec(c)hōn | vb | to lick | ASD/GED |
| German: | (sch)lecken | vb | to lick | LRC |
| North Germanic | ||||
| Old Icelandic: | sleikja | vb | to lick | GED |
| East Germanic | ||||
| Gothic: | *bi-laigon | vb.wk.II | to lick | GED |
| Italic | ||||
| Latin: | cunnilingus | n.masc | one who licks the vulva | W7 |
| lichen | n.neut | moss | W7 | |
| linctus, linctūs | n.masc | act of licking | W7 | |
| lingō, lingere, linxī, linctus | vb | to lick | GED | |
| Old French: | lecheor | n.masc | lecher, glutton, parasite, felon | W7 |
| Baltic | ||||
| Lithuanian: | liežiù | vb | to lick | GED |
| Slavic | ||||
| Old Church Slavonic: | ližǫ | vb | to lick | GED |
| Hellenic | ||||
| Greek: | l(e)ichēn | n.masc | moss; leprosy | W7 |
| λείχω | vb | to lick | GED | |
| λιχνεύω | vb | to lick | GED | |
| Armenian | ||||
| Armenian: | liz(an)em | vb | to lick | GED |
| Iranian | ||||
| Avestan: | raēz- | vb | to lick | GED |
| Indic | ||||
| Sanskrit: | lihati | vb | to lick | LRC |
| léhmi | vb | to lick | GED | |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
| Abbrev. | Meaning | |
|---|---|---|
| II | = | class 2 |
| masc | = | masculine (gender) |
| n | = | noun |
| neut | = | neuter (gender) |
| str | = | strong (inflection) |
| vb | = | verb |
| wk | = | weak (inflection) |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
| Code | Citation | |
|---|---|---|
| AHD | = | Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000) |
| ASD | = | Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898) |
| GED | = | Winfred P. Lehmann: A Gothic Etymological Dictionary (1986) |
| LRC | = | Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin |
| W7 | = | Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963) |
