Indo-European Lexicon

PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.

All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.

Pokorny Etymon: mad-   'to drip; wet; fat, glossy, well-fed'

Semantic Field(s): Wet, Damp

 

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language Reflex(es) PoS/Gram. Gloss Source(s)
English  
Old English: gemetta n guest at table W7
mæst n mast ASD/W7
mete, mæte n.masc meat ASD/W7
Middle English: mast n mast W7
mate n mate W7
mete n meat W7
English: casemate n armored/fortified place where guns are mounted AHD/W7
mast n nuts accumulated on forest floor AHD/W7
mastoid adj pterotic; teat-like, nipple-shaped CDC
mate n companion, associate AHD/W7
matte n metal mixed with its sulfides AHD
meat n food AHD/W7
meathead n dull/stupid person AHD
muesli n mixture of untoasted rolled oats/dried fruit AHD
musth n periodic frenzy of bull elephant during rut AHD/W7
myna n Asiatic starling AHD/W7
sternocleidomastoid n neck muscle that rotates head AHD
West Germanic  
Old Frisian: mete n meat ASD
Old Saxon: meti n meat ASD
Middle Low German: māt n mate W7
Old High German: mast n mast ASD
maz n.neut food ASD/W7
German: Mast n.fem mast LRC
North Germanic  
Old Norse: matr n.masc food, meal LRC
Icelandic: matr n meat ASD
East Germanic  
Gothic: matjan vb.wk.I to eat LRC
mats n meat ASD
Italic  
Latin: madeo, madēre vb to be wet, drunk W7
French: matte n matte AHD
Old Italian: casamatta n.fem casemate W7
Hellenic  
Greek: madaros adj wet W7
μαστός n.masc breast W7
Indic  
Sanskrit: madana n Asiatic starling W7
Hindi: mast adj intoxicated W7
mainā n Asiatic starling W7

 

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev. Meaning
I=class 1
adj=adjective
fem=feminine (gender)
masc=masculine (gender)
n=noun
neut=neuter (gender)
vb=verb
wk=weak (inflection)

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code Citation
AHD=Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000)
ASD=Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898)
CDC=W.D. Whitney and B.E. Smith: The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia (1889-1911)
LRC=Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
W7=Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963)

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