Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: 2. mē-, m-e-t- 'to mow, reap'
Semantic Field(s): to Mow, Reap
Indo-European Reflexes:
Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|
English | ||||
Old English: | mǣd, mǣdwe | n.fem | mead, meadow | ASD/W7 |
mǣð | n.neut | math | ASD/IEW | |
māwan | vb | to mow | W7 | |
Middle English: | mede | n | mead | W7 |
medwe | n | meadow | W7 | |
mowen | vb | to mow | W7 | |
English: | aftermath | n | rowen, unplowed stubble field, 2nd-growth crop | AHD/W7 |
math | n.obs | mowing, mowed (hay) crop | OED | |
mead | n | meadow | AHD/W7 | |
meadow | n | land (predominantly) in grass | AHD/W7 | |
mow | vb | to cut down with scythe/sickle/machine | AHD/W7 | |
West Germanic | ||||
Old High German: | mād | n | math | ASD |
māen | vb | to mow | W7 | |
Middle High German: | māt | n | math | ASD |
German: | Mähd | n.fem | math, swath | ASD |
Mähde | n | mead | ASD | |
mähen | vb | to mow | LRC | |
Matte | n.fem | meadow | LRC | |
Swiss German: | Mähd | n.neut | Alpine pasture | ASD |
North Germanic | ||||
Old Swedish: | maþ | n | math; meadow | IEW |
Italic | ||||
Latin: | metō, metere | vb | to mow, reap | W7 |
Hellenic | ||||
Greek: | amaw | vb | to mow, reap, harvest | W7 |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
Abbrev. | Meaning | |
---|---|---|
fem | = | feminine (gender) |
n | = | noun |
neut | = | neuter (gender) |
obs | = | obsolete |
vb | = | verb |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
Code | Citation | |
---|---|---|
AHD | = | Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000) |
ASD | = | Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898) |
IEW | = | Julius Pokorny: Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (1959) |
LRC | = | Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin |
OED | = | James A.H. Murray et al: The Oxford English Dictionary (1933) |
W7 | = | Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963) |