Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: mēmso-, mē(m)s-ro- 'meat, flesh'
Semantic Field(s): Meat, Flesh
Indo-European Reflexes:
| Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English | ||||
| Middle English: | membre | n | member | W7 |
| English: | member | n | organ, body part | AHD/W7 |
| membrane | n | thin soft pliable sheet/layer of plant/animal origin | AHD/W7 | |
| meninx | n | membrane enveloping brain/spinal cord | AHD/W7 | |
| East Germanic | ||||
| Gothic: | mimz | n.neut | meat, flesh | GED/W7 |
| Crimean Gothic: | *mems, menus | n | meat | CGo |
| Italic | ||||
| Latin: | membrana | n.fem | skin, parchment, membrane | W7 |
| membrum, membri | n.neut | member | LRC | |
| New Latin: | meninx | n.masc | membrane | W7 |
| Old French: | membre | n.masc | member | W7 |
| Baltic | ||||
| Latvian: | miesa | n.fem | flesh, body | LRC |
| Albanian | ||||
| Albanian: | mish | n.masc | meat | IEW |
| Hellenic | ||||
| Greek: | mēninx, mēningos | n.fem | membrane | W7 |
| mēros | n.masc | thigh | W7 | |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
| Abbrev. | Meaning | |
|---|---|---|
| fem | = | feminine (gender) |
| masc | = | masculine (gender) |
| n | = | noun |
| neut | = | neuter (gender) |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
| Code | Citation | |
|---|---|---|
| AHD | = | Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000) |
| CGo | = | MacDonald Stearns, Jr: Crimean Gothic (1978) |
| GED | = | Winfred P. Lehmann: A Gothic Etymological Dictionary (1986) |
| IEW | = | Julius Pokorny: Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (1959) |
| LRC | = | Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin |
| W7 | = | Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963) |
