Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: 4. men- 'to diminish; small'
Semantic Field(s): Small, Little
Indo-European Reflexes:
| Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English | ||||
| Old English: | munuc, munec | n.masc | monk | ASD/W7 |
| Middle English: | monasterie | n | monastery | W7 |
| monk | n | monk | W7 | |
| Monoceros | prop.n | Monoceros | AHD | |
| English: | manometer | n | pressure gauge, instrument for measuring gas/vapor pressure | AHD/W7 |
| monad | n | one, unit | AHD/W7 | |
| monadelphous | adj | re: stamens with all filaments united into single tubelike group | AHD | |
| monanthous | adj | bearing a single flower | AHD | |
| monastery | n | house for those under religious vows | AHD/W7 | |
| monk | n | man in religious order who lives in monastery | AHD/W7 | |
| mon(o)- | pfx | one, single | AHD | |
| Monoceros | prop.n | Unicorn (northern constellation) | AHD | |
| monomer | n | simple unpolymerized chemical compound | AHD/W7 | |
| monopodium | n | (plant with) single main axis of growth | AHD | |
| monopsony | n | market with single buyer | AHD | |
| monotreme | n | primitive egg-laying mammal | AHD | |
| pseudomonad | n | rod-shaped gram-negative bacterium | AHD | |
| West Germanic | ||||
| Old High German: | mengen | vb | to lack | W7 |
| munich | n | monk | ASD | |
| German: | Mönch | n | monk | LRC |
| North Germanic | ||||
| Icelandic: | múnkr | n | monk | ASD |
| Italic | ||||
| Late Latin: | monachus | n.masc | monk | W7 |
| monas, monadis | n.fem | monad | W7 | |
| monasterium | n.neut | monastery | W7 | |
| French: | manomètre | n.masc | manometer | W7 |
| Baltic | ||||
| Lithuanian: | meñkas, menkà | adj | poor | LRC |
| Hellenic | ||||
| Greek: | manos | adj | sparse, loose, rare | W7 |
| monazw | vb | to live alone | W7 | |
| μονάς | adj/n.fem | alone, solitary; a unit | LS | |
| monastērion | n.neut | hermit's cell | W7 | |
| monachos | adj | single | W7 | |
| μόνον | adv | alone | LRC | |
| μόνος | adj | alone, single | LRC | |
| μοῦνος | adj | alone, single | LRC | |
| Late Greek: | monastērion | n.neut | monastery | W7 |
| Armenian | ||||
| Classical Armenian: | manuk | n | child | LRC |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
| Abbrev. | Meaning | |
|---|---|---|
| adj | = | adjective |
| adv | = | adverb(ial) |
| fem | = | feminine (gender) |
| masc | = | masculine (gender) |
| n | = | noun |
| neut | = | neuter (gender) |
| pfx | = | prefix |
| prop | = | proper |
| vb | = | verb |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
| Code | Citation | |
|---|---|---|
| AHD | = | Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000) |
| ASD | = | Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898) |
| LRC | = | Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin |
| LS | = | Liddell and Scott: Greek-English Lexicon, 7th-9th ed's (1882-1940), rev. |
| W7 | = | Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963) |
