Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: 2. meu̯-, meu̯ə- 'to move, push away'
Semantic Field(s): to Move, to Push, Shove
Indo-European Reflexes:
| Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English | ||||
| Middle English: | commotion | n | commotion | W7 |
| mocioun | n | motion | W7 | |
| moment | n | moment | W7 | |
| motive | n | motive | W7 | |
| moven | vb | to move | W7 | |
| removen | vb | to remove | W7 | |
| English: | commotion | n | condition of civil unrest/insurrection | AHD/W7 |
| emotion | n | disturbance | AHD/W7 | |
| mob | n | large disorderly crowd/throng | AHD | |
| mobile | adj | movable, able to move/be moved | AHD/W7 | |
| moment | n | instant, minute point in/portion of time | AHD/W7 | |
| momentous | adj | of utmost importance | AHD | |
| momentum | n | tendency of moving body to keep moving | AHD/W7 | |
| mosso | adv | rapidly, with motion/animation [musical direction] | AHD | |
| motif | n | recurring salient schematic element in art | AHD/W7 | |
| motion | n | proposal for action | AHD/W7 | |
| motive | adj | moving/tending to move to act | AHD/W7 | |
| motive | n | need/desire causing person to act | AHD/W7 | |
| motor | n | one that imparts motion | AHD/W7 | |
| move | vb | to proceed, go continuously from point to point | AHD/W7 | |
| movement | n | act/instance of moving | AHD | |
| promote | vb.trans | to raise, advance in rank/honor/station | AHD/W7 | |
| remote | adj | separated by long interval | AHD/W7 | |
| remove | vb | to change station/location/position/residence of | AHD/W7 | |
| West Germanic | ||||
| Dutch: | meubelen | n.pl | furniture | TLL |
| mouw | n | sleeve | TLL | |
| German: | Möbel | n.coll | furniture | TLL |
| North Germanic | ||||
| Danish: | møbler | n.pl | furniture | TLL |
| Swedish: | möbler | n.pl | furniture | TLL |
| Italic | ||||
| Latin: | commotio, commotionis | n.fem | violent movement | W7 |
| commōveo, commōvēre, commōvī, commōtus | vb | to set in motion | W7 | |
| exmōveo, exmōvēre | vb | to move away, disturb | W7 | |
| mōbilis | adj | moving | W7 | |
| mōmentum | n.neut | moment, movement, particle sufficient to turn scales | W7 | |
| mōtio, mōtionis | n.fem | movement | W7 | |
| mōtor | n.masc | motor, one that moves | W7 | |
| motus, motūs | n.masc | movement | LRC | |
| moveō, movēre, mōvi, mōtus | vb | to move | LRC | |
| promoveo, promovēre, promovī, promotus | vb | to move forward | W7 | |
| rēmōveō, rēmōvēre, rēmōvī, rēmōtus | vb | to remove, move again | W7 | |
| Medieval Latin: | motivus | adj | of movement | W7 |
| New Latin: | momentum | n.neut | impetus | W7 |
| Old French: | removoir | vb | to move again | W7 |
| Middle French: | commotion | n.fem | commotion | W7 |
| emotion | n.fem | emotion | W7 | |
| emouvoir | vb | to stir up | W7 | |
| mobile | adj | moving | W7 | |
| moment | n.masc | moment | W7 | |
| motif | adj/n.masc | moving; motive | W7 | |
| motion | n.fem | movement | W7 | |
| movoir | vb | to move | W7 | |
| French: | meuble | n | piece of furniture | LRC |
| motif | n.masc | motif | W7 | |
| Italian: | mosso | adj | agitated | LRC |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
| Abbrev. | Meaning | |
|---|---|---|
| adj | = | adjective |
| adv | = | adverb(ial) |
| coll | = | collective |
| fem | = | feminine (gender) |
| masc | = | masculine (gender) |
| n | = | noun |
| neut | = | neuter (gender) |
| pl | = | plural (number) |
| trans | = | transitive |
| vb | = | verb |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
| Code | Citation | |
|---|---|---|
| AHD | = | Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000) |
| LRC | = | Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin |
| TLL | = | Frederick Bodmer: The Loom of Language (1944) |
| W7 | = | Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963) |