Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: 2. meu̯-, meu̯ə- 'to move, push away'
Semantic Field(s): to Move, to Push, Shove
Indo-European Reflexes:
Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|
English | ||||
Middle English: | commotion | n | commotion | W7 |
mocioun | n | motion | W7 | |
moment | n | moment | W7 | |
motive | n | motive | W7 | |
moven | vb | to move | W7 | |
removen | vb | to remove | W7 | |
English: | commotion | n | condition of civil unrest/insurrection | AHD/W7 |
emotion | n | disturbance | AHD/W7 | |
mob | n | large disorderly crowd/throng | AHD | |
mobile | adj | movable, able to move/be moved | AHD/W7 | |
moment | n | instant, minute point in/portion of time | AHD/W7 | |
momentous | adj | of utmost importance | AHD | |
momentum | n | tendency of moving body to keep moving | AHD/W7 | |
mosso | adv | rapidly, with motion/animation [musical direction] | AHD | |
motif | n | recurring salient schematic element in art | AHD/W7 | |
motion | n | proposal for action | AHD/W7 | |
motive | adj | moving/tending to move to act | AHD/W7 | |
motive | n | need/desire causing person to act | AHD/W7 | |
motor | n | one that imparts motion | AHD/W7 | |
move | vb | to proceed, go continuously from point to point | AHD/W7 | |
movement | n | act/instance of moving | AHD | |
promote | vb.trans | to raise, advance in rank/honor/station | AHD/W7 | |
remote | adj | separated by long interval | AHD/W7 | |
remove | vb | to change station/location/position/residence of | AHD/W7 | |
West Germanic | ||||
Dutch: | meubelen | n.pl | furniture | TLL |
mouw | n | sleeve | TLL | |
German: | Möbel | n.coll | furniture | TLL |
North Germanic | ||||
Danish: | møbler | n.pl | furniture | TLL |
Swedish: | möbler | n.pl | furniture | TLL |
Italic | ||||
Latin: | commotio, commotionis | n.fem | violent movement | W7 |
commōveo, commōvēre, commōvī, commōtus | vb | to set in motion | W7 | |
exmōveo, exmōvēre | vb | to move away, disturb | W7 | |
mōbilis | adj | moving | W7 | |
mōmentum | n.neut | moment, movement, particle sufficient to turn scales | W7 | |
mōtio, mōtionis | n.fem | movement | W7 | |
mōtor | n.masc | motor, one that moves | W7 | |
motus, motūs | n.masc | movement | LRC | |
moveō, movēre, mōvi, mōtus | vb | to move | LRC | |
promoveo, promovēre, promovī, promotus | vb | to move forward | W7 | |
rēmōveō, rēmōvēre, rēmōvī, rēmōtus | vb | to remove, move again | W7 | |
Medieval Latin: | motivus | adj | of movement | W7 |
New Latin: | momentum | n.neut | impetus | W7 |
Old French: | removoir | vb | to move again | W7 |
Middle French: | commotion | n.fem | commotion | W7 |
emotion | n.fem | emotion | W7 | |
emouvoir | vb | to stir up | W7 | |
mobile | adj | moving | W7 | |
moment | n.masc | moment | W7 | |
motif | adj/n.masc | moving; motive | W7 | |
motion | n.fem | movement | W7 | |
movoir | vb | to move | W7 | |
French: | meuble | n | piece of furniture | LRC |
motif | n.masc | motif | W7 | |
Italian: | mosso | adj | agitated | LRC |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
Abbrev. | Meaning | |
---|---|---|
adj | = | adjective |
adv | = | adverb(ial) |
coll | = | collective |
fem | = | feminine (gender) |
masc | = | masculine (gender) |
n | = | noun |
neut | = | neuter (gender) |
pl | = | plural (number) |
trans | = | transitive |
vb | = | verb |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
Code | Citation | |
---|---|---|
AHD | = | Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000) |
LRC | = | Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin |
TLL | = | Frederick Bodmer: The Loom of Language (1944) |
W7 | = | Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963) |