Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: mōd- : məd-, or mād- : məd- 'to meet, approach'
Semantic Field(s): to Meet
Indo-European Reflexes:
Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|
English | ||||
Old English: | gemōt | n.neut | moot, gemot, council | LRC |
māl, mǣl | n | pay, agreement | W7 | |
maðelian, maðelode, maðelod | vb.wk.II | to speak, address, harangue | LRC | |
mētan, mētte, mēted | vb.wk.I | to meet, come upon | LRC | |
mōt | n | moot | W7 | |
Middle English: | maille, male | n | W7 | |
meten | vb | to meet | W7 | |
moot | n | moot | W7 | |
English: | blackmail | n | tribute exacted for immunity from pillage | AHD/W7 |
Entmoot | prop.n | Ent gathering in Tolkien: The Lord of the Rings | LRC | |
folkmoot | n | general assembly of shire residents | AHD/W7 | |
gemot | n | Anglo-Saxon judicial/legislative assembly (before Norman conquest) | AHD/W7 | |
n | rent, payment | AHD/W7 | ||
meet, met | vb | to find, come into presence of | AHD/W7 | |
moot | n | deliberative meeting/assembly | AHD/W7 | |
Shire-moot | prop.n | Shire meeting in Tolkien: The Lord of the Rings | LRC | |
Waymeet | prop.n | Shire village in Tolkien: The Lord of the Rings | LRC | |
witenagemot | n | council of the wise | AHD/W7 | |
West Germanic | ||||
Old Frisian: | mēta | vb | to meet, find | ASD |
Old Saxon: | mōtian | vb | to meet, find | ASD |
Old High German: | muoz | n | moot | W7 |
North Germanic | ||||
Old Norse: | mál | n.neut | speech, tale; agreement, information; period of time | LRC |
mót | n | moot | LRC | |
mæla, mælat | vb | to speak | LRC | |
Icelandic: | mœta | vb | to meet, find | ASD |
Danish: | imod | prep | toward | TLL |
Swedish: | emot | prep | toward | TLL |
East Germanic | ||||
Gothic: | ga-mōtjan | vb | to meet, find | ASD |
Armenian | ||||
Classical Armenian: | matč'im | vb | to approach | LRC |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
Abbrev. | Meaning | |
---|---|---|
I | = | class 1 |
II | = | class 2 |
n | = | noun |
neut | = | neuter (gender) |
prep | = | preposition |
prop | = | proper |
vb | = | verb |
wk | = | weak (inflection) |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
Code | Citation | |
---|---|---|
AHD | = | Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000) |
ASD | = | Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898) |
LRC | = | Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin |
TLL | = | Frederick Bodmer: The Loom of Language (1944) |
W7 | = | Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963) |