Indo-European Lexicon

PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.

All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.

Pokorny Etymon: nēik- : nīk- : nik-   'to rail, fight, assault'

Semantic Field(s): to Fight

 

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language Reflex(es) PoS/Gram. Gloss Source(s)
English  
English: niccolite n nickel arsenide LRC
Nicholas prop.n 4th century Christian saint LRC
nickel n hard malleable ductile metal LRC
nickeline n niccolite LRC
Nicodemus prop.n character (Pharisee) in New Testament LRC
Nike prop.n goddess of victory (Greek mythology) LRC
West Germanic  
German: Kupfernickel n niccolite LRC
Nickel n nickel LRC
Nickel n.arch demon, rascal LRC
North Germanic  
Swedish: nickel n nickel SAO
Hellenic  
Greek: ἐκνικάω vb to prevail LRC
νικάω n to conquer, prevail LRC
Νίκη prop.n.fem Nike, lit. victory LRC
νίκη n.fem victory LRC
Νικόδημος prop.n.masc Nicodemus, lit. victor over the people LRC
Νικόλαος n Nicholas, lit. people's victory LRC

 

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev. Meaning
arch=archaic
fem=feminine (gender)
masc=masculine (gender)
n=noun
prop=proper
vb=verb

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code Citation
LRC=Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
SAO=Swedish Academy: Svenska Akademiens Ordbok (2011)

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