Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: nēik- : nīk- : nik- 'to rail, fight, assault'
Semantic Field(s): to Fight
Indo-European Reflexes:
| Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English | ||||
| English: | niccolite | n | nickel arsenide | LRC |
| Nicholas | prop.n | 4th century Christian saint | LRC | |
| nickel | n | hard malleable ductile metal | LRC | |
| nickeline | n | niccolite | LRC | |
| Nicodemus | prop.n | character (Pharisee) in New Testament | LRC | |
| Nike | prop.n | goddess of victory (Greek mythology) | LRC | |
| West Germanic | ||||
| German: | Kupfernickel | n | niccolite | LRC |
| Nickel | n | nickel | LRC | |
| Nickel | n.arch | demon, rascal | LRC | |
| North Germanic | ||||
| Swedish: | nickel | n | nickel | SAO |
| Hellenic | ||||
| Greek: | ἐκνικάω | vb | to prevail | LRC |
| νικάω | n | to conquer, prevail | LRC | |
| Νίκη | prop.n.fem | Nike, lit. victory | LRC | |
| νίκη | n.fem | victory | LRC | |
| Νικόδημος | prop.n.masc | Nicodemus, lit. victor over the people | LRC | |
| Νικόλαος | n | Nicholas, lit. people's victory | LRC | |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
| Abbrev. | Meaning | |
|---|---|---|
| arch | = | archaic |
| fem | = | feminine (gender) |
| masc | = | masculine (gender) |
| n | = | noun |
| prop | = | proper |
| vb | = | verb |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
| Code | Citation | |
|---|---|---|
| LRC | = | Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin |
| SAO | = | Swedish Academy: Svenska Akademiens Ordbok (2011) |
