Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: nepōt- 'nephew; grandchild'
Semantic Field(s): Nephew, Grandson, Granddaughter
Indo-European Reflexes:
| Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English | ||||
| Old English: | nefa | n.masc | nephew, stepson, grandson | ASD/W7 |
| nift | n.fem | niece, granddaughter | KEW | |
| Middle English: | nece | n | niece, granddaughter | W7 |
| nevew | n | nephew | W7 | |
| English: | nephew | n | son of brother(-in-law) or sister(-in-law) | AHD/W7 |
| nepotism | n | favoritism towards family/relatives | AHD/W7 | |
| niece | n | daughter of brother(-in-law) or sister(-in-law) | AHD/W7 | |
| West Germanic | ||||
| Old Frisian: | neva | n | nephew, grandson, stepson | ASD |
| Dutch: | neef | n.masc | nephew, male cousin | TLL |
| nicht | n.fem | niece, female cousin | TLL | |
| Old Saxon: | neb@h%o, nevo | n.masc | nephew | KSW |
| Old High German: | nefo | n | nephew, grandson, stepson | ASD |
| German: | Neffe | n.masc | nephew | LRC |
| Nichte | n.fem | niece | LRC | |
| North Germanic | ||||
| Old Norse: | nipt | n.fem | close female relative | KNW |
| Icelandic: | nefi | n | nephew, kinsman | ASD |
| Italic | ||||
| Latin: | nepos, nepōtis | n.masc | nephew, grandson | CLD/W7 |
| neptis | n.fem | niece, granddaughter | W7 | |
| Late Latin: | neptia | n.fem | niece, granddaughter | W7 |
| Old French: | neveu | n.masc | nephew | W7 |
| nièce | n.fem | niece | W7 | |
| French: | népotisme | n.masc | nepotism | W7 |
| Italian: | nepote | n.masc | nephew, grandchild | W7 |
| nepotismo | n.masc | nepotism | W7 | |
| Indic | ||||
| Sanskrit: | napāt | n | grandson | W7 |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
| Abbrev. | Meaning | |
|---|---|---|
| fem | = | feminine (gender) |
| masc | = | masculine (gender) |
| n | = | noun |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
| Code | Citation | |
|---|---|---|
| AHD | = | Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000) |
| ASD | = | Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898) |
| CLD | = | Cassell's Latin Dictionary (1959, rev. 1968) |
| KEW | = | Gerhard Köbler: Altenglisches Wörterbuch, 2nd ed. (2003) |
| KNW | = | Gerhard Köbler: Altnordisches Wörterbuch, 2nd ed. (2003) |
| KSW | = | Gerhard Köbler: Altsächsisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed. (2000) |
| LRC | = | Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin |
| TLL | = | Frederick Bodmer: The Loom of Language (1944) |
| W7 | = | Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963) |
