Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: 1. ner(-t)-, aner-, əner-? 'vital force; man'
Semantic Field(s): Strong, Mighty, Powerful, Man
Indo-European Reflexes:
| Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English | ||||
| English: | Alexander | prop.n | [personal name] | AHD |
| Alexandrian | prop.adj | re: Alexander the Great | W7 | |
| alexandrine | adj/n | (re:) 12-syllable poetic verse form | AHD/W7 | |
| alexandrite | n | grass-green chrysoberyl (mineral) | AHD/W7 | |
| andr(o)- | pfx | male, masculine | AHD | |
| android | n | robot in human form | LRC | |
| Andromeda | prop.n | (constellation named for) daughter of Cepheus and Cassiopeia (Greek mythology) | LRC | |
| -androus | adj.sfx | having stamens | AHD/W7 | |
| -andry | sfx | kind/number of husbands | AHD | |
| Nero | prop.n | Emperor of Rome (AD 54-68) | AHD | |
| Neronic, Neronian | prop.adj | re: Nero | W7 | |
| philander | vb | to flirt, make love frivolously | AHD/W7 | |
| Italic | ||||
| Latin: | Andromeda | n.fem | Andromeda | W7 |
| Nero | prop.n | Nero (Claudius Caesar) | W7 | |
| neronianus | adj | Neronian | W7 | |
| Middle French: | alexandrin | adj | alexandrine | W7 |
| Baltic | ||||
| Lithuanian: | nóras | n.masc | wish | LRC |
| norėti, nóri, norėjo | vb | to want | LRC | |
| Albanian | ||||
| Albanian: | njeri | n.masc | person, human being | LRC |
| Hellenic | ||||
| Homeric Greek: | Ἀλέξ-ανδρος | prop.n | Alexander, lit. defender of men | LRC |
| ἀνδρόμεος | adj | human, re: men | LRC | |
| Greek: | Andromedē | n.fem | Andromeda | W7 |
| -andros | sfx | having (such/so many) men | W7 | |
| ἀνήρ, ἀνδρός | n.masc | man | LRC | |
| ἄνθρωπος | n.masc | person, human being | LRC | |
| Armenian | ||||
| Classical Armenian: | ayr | n | man | LRC |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
| Abbrev. | Meaning | |
|---|---|---|
| adj | = | adjective |
| fem | = | feminine (gender) |
| masc | = | masculine (gender) |
| n | = | noun |
| pfx | = | prefix |
| prop | = | proper |
| sfx | = | suffix |
| vb | = | verb |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
| Code | Citation | |
|---|---|---|
| AHD | = | Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000) |
| LRC | = | Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin |
| W7 | = | Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963) |
