Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: 2. od- 'hatred, disgust, odium, aversion'
Semantic Field(s): Hate (n)
Indo-European Reflexes:
| Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English | ||||
| Old English: | (e)atol, atul, atel | adj | dire, terrible, repulsive | ASD |
| Middle English: | anoien | vb | to annoy | W7 |
| noy | n | annoyance | W7 | |
| noysome | adj | noisome | W7 | |
| English: | annoy | vb | to vex, disturb, irritate | AHD/W7 |
| ennui | n | feeling of weariness/dissatisfaction | AHD/W7 | |
| noisome | adj | noxious, unwholesome | AHD/W7 | |
| odious | adj | hateful, loathsome, exciting/deserving odium | W7 | |
| odium | n | subjection to hatred/contempt/repugnance | AHD/W7 | |
| North Germanic | ||||
| Old Norse: | ötul, atall | adj | fierce, terrible | ASD |
| Italic | ||||
| Latin: | odi, odisse | vb | to hate, detest | W7 |
| odium | n.neut | odium | W7 | |
| Late Latin: | inodio, inodiāre | vb | to make odious | W7 |
| Old French: | anoi, enui | n.masc | annoyance | W7 |
| enuier | vb | to annoy | W7 | |
| French: | ennui | n.masc | boredom, trouble, annoyance, ennui | W7 |
| ennuyer | vb | to bore, annoy | W7 | |
| Hellenic | ||||
| Greek: | odyssomai | vb | to be angry, feel pain | W7 |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
| Abbrev. | Meaning | |
|---|---|---|
| adj | = | adjective |
| masc | = | masculine (gender) |
| n | = | noun |
| neut | = | neuter (gender) |
| vb | = | verb |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
| Code | Citation | |
|---|---|---|
| AHD | = | Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000) |
| ASD | = | Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898) |
| W7 | = | Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963) |
