Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: oid- 'to swell; strong'
Semantic Field(s): Strong, Mighty, Powerful
Indo-European Reflexes:
| Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English | ||||
| Old English: | ǣt(t)or, ǣtter | n.neut | pus, atter | ASD |
| āte, ǣte | n.pl | oats | ASD/W7 | |
| āt(t)or, āt(t)er | n.neut | pus, atter | ASD/OED/W7 | |
| āttorcoppa, āttercoppe, āt(t)orcoppe | n.fem | attercop, lit. venom-spider | ASD/OED | |
| Middle English: | atter | n | atter | CDC |
| attercop(pe) | n | attercop | CDC | |
| ote | n | oat | W7 | |
| English: | atter | n | venom, poison | OED |
| Attercop | prop.n | epithet for spider in Tolkien: The Hobbit | LRC | |
| attercop | n | poisonous spider | OED | |
| edema | n | swelling, abnormal serous fluid accumulation | AHD/W7 | |
| oat | n | type of cereal grass | AHD/W7 | |
| Scots English: | ettercap | n | attercop | CDC |
| West Germanic | ||||
| Frisian: | āat | n | oats | ASD |
| Dutch: | etter | n.masc | atter | ASD |
| Old Saxon: | ettar, ēt(t)ar | n.masc | atter | ASD/CDC |
| Old High German: | eitar, eitter | n.neut | atter | ASD/CDC |
| Middle High German: | eiten | vb | to burn, sting | ASD |
| eiter | n.neut | atter | ASD | |
| German: | Eiter | n.masc | pus, atter | ASD |
| North Germanic | ||||
| Old Norse: | át | n | food | ASD |
| eitr | n.neut | atter | LRC | |
| Icelandic: | eitr | n | atter | CDC |
| Danish: | edder, ædder | n.neut | atter | ASD/CDC |
| æddercop, edderkop | n | attercop, cup of poison | CDC/ICE | |
| Swedish: | etter | n.neut | atter | ASD |
| Italic | ||||
| New Latin: | edema | n.neut | edema | W7 |
| Hellenic | ||||
| Greek: | oidēma | n.neut | edema | W7 |
| oidw | vb | to swell | W7 | |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
| Abbrev. | Meaning | |
|---|---|---|
| fem | = | feminine (gender) |
| masc | = | masculine (gender) |
| n | = | noun |
| neut | = | neuter (gender) |
| pl | = | plural (number) |
| prop | = | proper |
| vb | = | verb |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
| Code | Citation | |
|---|---|---|
| AHD | = | Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000) |
| ASD | = | Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898) |
| CDC | = | W.D. Whitney and B.E. Smith: The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia (1889-1911) |
| ICE | = | Richard Cleasby and Gudbrand Vigfusson: An Icelandic-English Dictionary (1874) |
| LRC | = | Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin |
| OED | = | James A.H. Murray et al: The Oxford English Dictionary (1933) |
| W7 | = | Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963) |
