Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: 2. op- 'to opt, choose, opine, suggest'
Semantic Field(s): to Will, Wish
Indo-European Reflexes:
Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|
English | ||||
Middle English: | adopten | vb | to adopt | AHD |
opinion | n | opinion | W7 | |
English: | adopt | vb.trans | to take into relationship (by choice) | AHD/W7 |
co-opt | vb.trans | to choose/elect as fellow member/colleague | AHD/W7 | |
opine | vb | to state as opinion | AHD/W7 | |
opinion | n | view/judgment/appraisal of particular matter | AHD/W7 | |
opt | vb.intrans | to make a choice | AHD/W7 | |
optative | adj | re: expressing wish/choice | AHD | |
option | n | act of choosing | AHD/W7 | |
West Germanic | ||||
German: | Option | n.fem | option | LRC |
Italic | ||||
Latin: | adopto, adoptāre | vb | to adopt | W7 |
coopto, cooptare | vb | to choose, elect | W7 | |
opinio, opinionis | n.fem | opinion, belief | W7 | |
opīnor, opīnārī | vb.dep | to have an opinion | W7 | |
optio, optionis | n.fem | free choice | W7 | |
optō, optāre | vb | to opt, choose | W7 | |
Old French: | adopter | vb | to adopt | AHD |
Middle French: | adopter | vb | to adopt | W7 |
opiner | vb | to have as an opinion | W7 | |
opinion | n.fem | opinion, point of view | W7 | |
French: | opter | vb | to opt, choose | W7 |
option | n.fem | choice | W7 | |
Hellenic | ||||
Greek: | epiopsw | vb | to be about to opt/choose | W7 |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
Abbrev. | Meaning | |
---|---|---|
adj | = | adjective |
dep | = | deponent |
fem | = | feminine (gender) |
intrans | = | intransitive |
n | = | noun |
trans | = | transitive |
vb | = | verb |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
Code | Citation | |
---|---|---|
AHD | = | Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000) |
LRC | = | Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin |
W7 | = | Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963) |