Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: 2. ōus- : əus- : us- 'ear'
Semantic Field(s): Ear
Indo-European Reflexes:
| Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English | ||||
| Old English: | eāre | n.neut | ear | W7 |
| Middle English: | auricle | n | atrium; heart auricle | AHD |
| ere | n | ear | W7 | |
| scouten | vb | to scout | W7 | |
| English: | aural | adj | re: ear/hearing | AHD/W7 |
| auricle | n | pinna: projecting portion of ear | AHD/W7 | |
| auriform | adj | ear-shaped | AHD | |
| auscultation | n | listening to sounds within organs to aid diagnosis/treatment | AHD/W7 | |
| ear | n | vertebrate organ of hearing/equilibrium | AHD/W7 | |
| myosotis | n | herb in borage family | AHD/W7 | |
| otic | adj | re: region of ear | AHD/W7 | |
| parotid | adj | re: large serous salivary gland | AHD/W7 | |
| scout | vb | to explore area to obtain information | AHD/W7 | |
| British English: | ormer | n | sea-ear, ear-shell, Channel Islands abalone | AHD |
| West Germanic | ||||
| Old Frisian: | ar(e) | n.neut | ear | ASD |
| Frisian: | ær, ear(e) | n | ear | ASD |
| Dutch: | oor | n.neut | ear | ASD |
| Old Saxon: | ōra | n.neut | ear | ASD |
| Old High German: | ōra | n.wk.neut | ear | W7 |
| Middle High German: | ōre | n.neut | ear | ASD |
| German: | Ohr | n.neut | ear | ASD |
| North Germanic | ||||
| Old Norse: | eyra | n.neut | ear | LRC |
| Icelandic: | eyra | n.neut | ear | ASD |
| Danish: | øre | n | ear | TLL |
| Swedish: | öra | n.neut | ear | ASD |
| East Germanic | ||||
| Gothic: | áusō | n.wk.neut | ear | LRC |
| Italic | ||||
| Latin: | auricula | n.fem | external ear | W7 |
| auris | n.fem | ear | W7 | |
| auscultatio, auscultionis | n.fem | act of listening | W7 | |
| ausculto, auscultare, auscultavi, auscultatus | vb | to listen | W7 | |
| myosotis | n.fem | mouse-ear, blue flower, forget-me-not | W7 | |
| parotis | n.fem | tumor near the ear | W7 | |
| New Latin: | myosotis | n.fem | genus of herbs, forget-me-not | W7 |
| parotis, parotidis | n.fem | parotid gland | W7 | |
| Portuguese: | orelha | n | ear | TLL |
| Spanish: | oreja | n | ear | TLL |
| Old French: | auricle | n | auricle, little ear | AHD |
| Middle French: | escouter | vb | to listen | W7 |
| French: | oreille | n | ear | TLL |
| Italian: | orecchio | n | ear | TLL |
| Baltic | ||||
| Lithuanian: | ausis | n.fem | ear | ASD |
| Hellenic | ||||
| Greek: | myosōtis | n.fem | myosotis, mouse's ear | W7 |
| οὖς, ὦς | n.neut | ear | LRC | |
| ōtikos | adj | of the ears | W7 | |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
| Abbrev. | Meaning | |
|---|---|---|
| adj | = | adjective |
| fem | = | feminine (gender) |
| n | = | noun |
| neut | = | neuter (gender) |
| vb | = | verb |
| wk | = | weak (inflection) |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
| Code | Citation | |
|---|---|---|
| AHD | = | Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000) |
| ASD | = | Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898) |
| LRC | = | Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin |
| TLL | = | Frederick Bodmer: The Loom of Language (1944) |
| W7 | = | Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963) |