Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: 1. ōus- : əus- 'os, mouth'
Semantic Field(s): Mouth
Indo-European Reflexes:
| Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English | ||||
| Old English: | ōra | n.masc | brass, border; Danish coin | ASD/W7 |
| Middle English: | ussher | n | usher | W7 |
| English: | Auriga | prop.n | winter constellation of northern sky | LRC |
| inosculate | vb | to blend, unite by contact/apposition | AHD/W7 | |
| oral | adj | spoken, uttered by mouth/in words | AHD/W7 | |
| orinasal | adj | pronounced with oral/nasal passages open | AHD | |
| orotund | adj | pompous, bombastic, self-satisfied | AHD | |
| os | n | mouth, orifice | AHD/W7 | |
| oscillate | vb.intrans | to vibrate, swing back and forth like pendulum | AHD/W7 | |
| oscitancy | n | act of gaping/yawning | AHD | |
| osculate | vb.trans | to kiss | AHD/W7 | |
| osculum | n | mouthlike opening in sponge | AHD | |
| ostiary | n | doorkeeper | AHD/W7 | |
| ostium | n | mouthlike entrance/other opening | AHD/W7 | |
| peroral | adj | occurring via mouth | AHD/W7 | |
| usher | n | officer/servant at door of court/hall/chamber | AHD/W7 | |
| Italic | ||||
| Latin: | Auriga | n.masc | the Charioteer | W7 |
| ora, orae | n.fem | mouth, coast, border, boundary | LRC | |
| ōs, ōris | n.neut | mouth, face | LRC | |
| oscillo, oscillare, oscillavi, oscillatus | vb | to swing, oscillate | W7 | |
| oscillum | n.neut | swing | W7 | |
| osculor, osculari, osculatus | vb.dep | to kiss, osculate | W7 | |
| osculum | n.neut | kiss | W7 | |
| ostiarius | n.masc | doorkeeper | W7 | |
| ostium, ostii | n.neut | mouth, door, entrance | LRC | |
| ustium | n.neut | door, mouth of river | W7 | |
| Vulgar Latin: | ustiarius | n.masc | doorkeeper | W7 |
| New Latin: | ostium | n.neut | mouth-like opening | W7 |
| Middle French: | ussier | n.masc | doorkeeper | W7 |
| Slavic | ||||
| Old Church Slavonic: | ustiti, uštǫ, ustiši | vb | to exhort | LRC |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
| Abbrev. | Meaning | |
|---|---|---|
| adj | = | adjective |
| dep | = | deponent |
| fem | = | feminine (gender) |
| intrans | = | intransitive |
| masc | = | masculine (gender) |
| n | = | noun |
| neut | = | neuter (gender) |
| prop | = | proper |
| trans | = | transitive |
| vb | = | verb |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
| Code | Citation | |
|---|---|---|
| AHD | = | Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000) |
| ASD | = | Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898) |
| LRC | = | Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin |
| W7 | = | Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963) |
