Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: paus- 'to free, let loose'
Semantic Field(s): Free (adj), to Release
Indo-European Reflexes:
| Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English | ||||
| Middle English: | pause | n | pause | W7 |
| posen | vb | to pose | W7 | |
| reposen | vb | to repose | W7 | |
| English: | compose | vb | to fashion, form by putting together | AHD/W7 |
| diapause | n | period of spontaneous dormancy | AHD/W7 | |
| pause | n | temporary stop | AHD/W7 | |
| pause | vb | to stop/rest temporarily | W7 | |
| pesade | n | act/position of horse rearing on hind legs | AHD | |
| posada | n | inn, hotel | AHD/W7 | |
| pose | vb | to put/set in place | AHD/W7 | |
| repose | vb | to lie/lay at rest | AHD/W7 | |
| West Germanic | ||||
| German: | Pause | n.fem | pause | LRC |
| Italic | ||||
| Latin: | compono, componere | vb | to place, arrange | W7 |
| pausa | n.fem | pause, cessation | W7 | |
| Late Latin: | pauso, pausāre | vb | to pause | W7 |
| repauso, repausāre | vb | to stop, repose | W7 | |
| Portuguese: | pão | n | bread | TLL |
| Spanish: | posada | n.fem | inn, hotel | W7 |
| posar | vb | to lodge | W7 | |
| Old French: | reposer | vb | to repose | W7 |
| Middle French: | composer | vb | to compose | W7 |
| poser | vb | to pose | W7 | |
| French: | pain | n | bread | TLL |
| Italian: | pane | n | bread | TLL |
| Hellenic | ||||
| Homeric Greek: | παυσωλή | n | pause, rest, cessation | LRC |
| παύω | vb | to pause, cease, leave off | LRC | |
| Greek: | diapauein | vb | to pause | W7 |
| diapausis | n.fem | diapause | W7 | |
| paula | n.fem | rest | W7 | |
| pausis | n.fem | pause, cessation | W7 | |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
| Abbrev. | Meaning | |
|---|---|---|
| fem | = | feminine (gender) |
| n | = | noun |
| vb | = | verb |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
| Code | Citation | |
|---|---|---|
| AHD | = | Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000) |
| LRC | = | Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin |
| TLL | = | Frederick Bodmer: The Loom of Language (1944) |
| W7 | = | Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963) |
