Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: pei-m(i)- 'swift, quick, rapid, nimble'
Semantic Field(s): Fast, Swift, Quick
Indo-European Reflexes:
Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Celtic | ||||
Old Irish: | ēim | adj | swift, quick, rapid, nimble | IEW |
English | ||||
English: | fumble | vb | to grope/search clumsily/awkwardly | IEW/W7 |
West Germanic | ||||
Dutch: | fommelen | vb | to fumble | ODE |
Middle Low German: | fimmelen, fimmeren | vb | to fumble | IEW |
Low German: | fommelen, fummeln | vb | to fumble | ODE |
German: | fummeln | vb | to fumble | LRC |
North Germanic | ||||
Old Icelandic: | fimr | adj | swift, quick, rapid, nimble | IEW |
Norwegian: | fimra | vb | to fumble | IEW |
Swedish: | fumla, famla | vb | to fumble | IEW/W7 |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
Abbrev. | Meaning | |
---|---|---|
adj | = | adjective |
vb | = | verb |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
Code | Citation | |
---|---|---|
IEW | = | Julius Pokorny: Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (1959) |
LRC | = | Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin |
ODE | = | C.T. Onions: The Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology (1966) |
W7 | = | Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963) |