Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: 2. peis-, speis- 'to blow, fizz'
Semantic Field(s): to Blow
Indo-European Reflexes:
| Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English | ||||
| Old English: | *fīstan | vb | to fist | OED |
| fisting | n | fist | IEW | |
| Middle English: | fiesten | vb | to fist | OED |
| spirit | n | spirit | W7 | |
| English: | fist | n.obs | fart, stink, foul smell | OED |
| fist | vb.obs | to fart, break wind | OED | |
| fizz | vb | to hiss, whiz, sputter, effervesce | W7 | |
| fizzle | vb | to fizz; fail/end feebly | AHD/W7 | |
| spirit | n | vital/animating life principle | W7 | |
| West Germanic | ||||
| Middle Dutch: | veest | n | fist | OED |
| Dutch: | veest | n | fist | IEW |
| veesten, vijsten | vb | to fist | OED | |
| vijst | n | fist | OED | |
| Middle High German: | vīsen, visten | vb | to fist | IEW |
| vist | n | fist | IEW | |
| German: | fispern, fispeln | vb | to fizz | IEW |
| North Germanic | ||||
| Old Norse: | fīsa | vb | to fist | IEW/W7 |
| Norwegian: | fisa | vb | to fist, blow | IEW |
| Danish: | fise | vb | to fist | OED |
| Italic | ||||
| Latin: | spīritus | n.masc | breath, soul, spirit | IEW |
| spīro, spīrare | vb | to blow, breathe | IEW | |
| Old French: | spirit | n | spirit | W7 |
| Slavic | ||||
| Old Church Slavonic: | piskati | vb | to hiss, wheeze, whistle | IEW |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
| Abbrev. | Meaning | |
|---|---|---|
| masc | = | masculine (gender) |
| n | = | noun |
| obs | = | obsolete |
| vb | = | verb |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
| Code | Citation | |
|---|---|---|
| AHD | = | Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000) |
| IEW | = | Julius Pokorny: Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (1959) |
| OED | = | James A.H. Murray et al: The Oxford English Dictionary (1933) |
| W7 | = | Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963) |
