Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: pent- 'to go, walk, pad, tread; way, path'
Semantic Field(s): to Go, to Walk, Path
Indo-European Reflexes:
| Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English | ||||
| Old English: | findan, fond, fundon, funden | vb.str.III | to find | LRC |
| onfindan, onfond, onfundon, onfunden | vb.str.III | to find out, realize | LRC | |
| pæþ, paþ | n.masc | path, track | ASD | |
| punt | n | punt | W7 | |
| Middle English: | finden | vb | to find | W7 |
| path | n | path | W7 | |
| punt | n | punt | W7 | |
| English: | find, found | vb.str | to discover, encounter, come upon | AHD/W7 |
| footpad | n | one who robs pedestrians | AHD/W7 | |
| Fundin | prop.n | Balin's father in Tolkien: The Lord of the Rings | LRC | |
| pad | n | highwayman | W7 | |
| pad | vb | to traverse on foot | AHD/W7 | |
| path | n | trodden way | AHD/W7 | |
| peripatetic | adj | Aristotelian | AHD/W7 | |
| pons | n | tissue connecting body organ parts | AHD | |
| pontifex | n | member of Roman Catholic priest council | W7 | |
| pontiff | n | pontifex | AHD/W7 | |
| pontine | adj | re: pons/bridges | AHD | |
| pontoon | n | flat-bottomed boat | AHD/W7 | |
| punt | n | pontoon with square ends | AHD/W7 | |
| sputnik | n | satellite | AHD/W7 | |
| transpontine | adj | situated on other side of bridge | AHD/W7 | |
| West Germanic | ||||
| Old Frisian: | finna | vb | to find | ASD |
| path, paed | n | path | ASD | |
| Frisian: | fynnen | vb | to find | ASD |
| Middle Dutch: | pad | n | path | W7 |
| paden | vb | to pad, follow a path | W7 | |
| Dutch: | pad | n | path | TLL |
| vinden | vb | to find | ASD | |
| Old Saxon: | findan | vb | to find | ASD |
| Low German: | finnen | vb | to find | ASD |
| Old High German: | findan | vb | to find | ASD |
| pfad | n | path | W7 | |
| Middle High German: | vinden | vb | to find | ASD |
| German: | finden | vb | to find | ASD |
| Pfad | n.masc | path | LRC | |
| North Germanic | ||||
| Old Norse: | finna | vb | to find, meet; invent; notice, perceive | ICE |
| Fundinn | prop.n | Voluspa dwarf | TPE | |
| fundinn | vb.past.ptc | found | ICE | |
| Icelandic: | finna | vb | to find | ASD |
| Danish: | finde | vb | to find | ASD |
| Swedish: | finna | vb | to find | ASD |
| East Germanic | ||||
| Gothic: | finþan | vb | to find | ASD |
| Italic | ||||
| Latin: | peripateticus | adj | of the peripatetic school | W7 |
| pons, pontis | n.masc | bridge | LRC | |
| pōntifex, pōntificis | n.masc | pontiff, high priest | W7 | |
| pontō, pontōnis | n.masc | pontoon | W7 | |
| Middle French: | peripatétique | adj | of the peripatetic school | W7 |
| French: | pontife | n.masc | pontiff | W7 |
| Slavic | ||||
| Old Church Slavonic: | pǫtь | n.masc | road, way, journey | LRC |
| Hellenic | ||||
| Homeric Greek: | πόντος | n.masc | deep sea | LRC |
| Greek: | patein | vb | to tread | W7 |
| peripatein | vb | to discourse while pacing (like Aristotle) | W7 | |
| peripatētikos | adj | of the peripatetic school | W7 | |
| Πόντος | prop.n.masc | Pontos | LRC | |
| Indic | ||||
| Sanskrit: | patha | n | path, way | W7 |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
| Abbrev. | Meaning | |
|---|---|---|
| III | = | class 3 |
| adj | = | adjective |
| masc | = | masculine (gender) |
| n | = | noun |
| past | = | past (tense) |
| prop | = | proper |
| ptc | = | participle |
| str | = | strong (inflection) |
| vb | = | verb |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
| Code | Citation | |
|---|---|---|
| AHD | = | Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000) |
| ASD | = | Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898) |
| ICE | = | Richard Cleasby and Gudbrand Vigfusson: An Icelandic-English Dictionary (1874) |
| LRC | = | Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin |
| TLL | = | Frederick Bodmer: The Loom of Language (1944) |
| TPE | = | Lee M. Hollander: The Poetic Edda (1962) |
| W7 | = | Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963) |