Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: 2. perk̑-, prek̑- 'spotted, speckled'
Semantic Field(s): Color
Indo-European Reflexes:
| Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Celtic | ||||
| Old Irish: | erc | adj | speckled | RPN |
| English | ||||
| Old English: | forn | n | trout | HGE |
| Middle English: | perche | n | perch | W7 |
| English: | perch | n | small freshwater spiny-finned fish | AHD/W7 |
| West Germanic | ||||
| Dutch: | forel | n | trout | TLL |
| voorn | n.fem | roach | ASD | |
| vóren | n.masc | roach | ASD | |
| Old High German: | faro | adj | colored | RPN |
| for(a)hana | n | trout | ASD/HGE | |
| Middle High German: | vorhen | n.fem | trout | ASD |
| German: | Forelle | n.fem | trout | TLL |
| Swiss German: | Forne | n.dial | trout | ASD |
| North Germanic | ||||
| Danish: | forel | n | trout | TLL |
| Swedish: | forell | n | trout | TLL |
| Italic | ||||
| Latin: | perca | n.fem | perch | W7 |
| porcus | n.masc | spiny fish | W7 | |
| pulcher, pulchra, pulchrum | adj | beautiful, excellent | LRC | |
| Middle French: | perche | n.fem | perch | W7 |
| Hellenic | ||||
| Greek: | perkē | n.fem | perch | W7 |
| περκνός | adj | dark-colored | RPN | |
| Indic | ||||
| Sanskrit: | pṛ́śni-ḥ | adj | spotted | RPN |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
| Abbrev. | Meaning | |
|---|---|---|
| adj | = | adjective |
| dial | = | dialectal |
| fem | = | feminine (gender) |
| masc | = | masculine (gender) |
| n | = | noun |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
| Code | Citation | |
|---|---|---|
| AHD | = | Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000) |
| ASD | = | Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898) |
| HGE | = | Vladimir E. Orel: A Handbook of Germanic Etymology (2003) |
| LRC | = | Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin |
| RPN | = | Allan R. Bomhard: Reconstructing Proto-Nostratic (2002) |
| TLL | = | Frederick Bodmer: The Loom of Language (1944) |
| W7 | = | Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963) |
