Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: 2. peu- 'to repute, explore, understand'
Semantic Field(s): to Understand
Indo-European Reflexes:
Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|
English | ||||
Middle English: | account | n | account | AHD |
accounten | vb | to account | W7 | |
counten | vb | to count | W7 | |
deputen | vb | to depute | W7 | |
disputen | vb | to dispute | W7 | |
imputen | vb | to impute | W7 | |
putative | adj | putative | W7 | |
reputen | vb | to repute | W7 | |
English: | account | n.arch | reckoning, computation | W7 |
account | vb | to give report on | AHD/W7 | |
compute | vb | to count, reckon, calculate | TLL | |
computer | n | person/thing that computes | LRC | |
count | vb | to number, name/indicate by units/groups to find total | AHD/W7 | |
depute | vb.trans | to appoint, delegate | AHD/W7 | |
dispute | vb | to argue, debate | AHD/W7 | |
impute | vb.trans | to charge, lay blame/responsibility for | AHD/W7 | |
putative | adj | reputed, commonly accepted/supposed | AHD/W7 | |
repute | vb.trans | to account, hold in thought | AHD/W7 | |
Italic | ||||
Latin: | computō, computāre | vb | to count, tally, compute | ELD/W7 |
dēputo, dēputare | vb | to depute; count, estimate, consider | W7 | |
disputo, disputare | vb | to dispute, discuss, reckon up | W7 | |
imputo, imputare | vb | to impute, take credit for | W7 | |
putatus | vb.ptc | thought | W7 | |
putō, putāre, putāvī, putātum | vb | to think, reckon | LRC | |
reputo, reputare | vb | to count, compute; repute, (re)consider | W7 | |
Vulgar Latin: | imputō, imputāre | vb | to impute, attribute | W7 |
Late Latin: | putativus | adj | putative, thought to be | W7 |
Old French: | acont | n | account | AHD |
aconter | vb | to account, reckon | AHD | |
desputer | vb | to dispute | W7 | |
Middle French: | acompter | vb | to account, amount to | W7 |
compter | vb | to count | W7 | |
deputer | vb | to depute, send on mission | W7 | |
réputer | vb | to repute | W7 | |
French: | compter | vb | to count | W7 |
Slavic | ||||
Old Church Slavonic: | pytajǫ, pytajati | vb | to search, explore, examine | IEW |
Hellenic | ||||
Greek: | νήπιος | adj | foolish, childish | LRC |
πινυτός | adj | smart | IEW |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
Abbrev. | Meaning | |
---|---|---|
adj | = | adjective |
arch | = | archaic |
n | = | noun |
ptc | = | participle |
trans | = | transitive |
vb | = | verb |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
Code | Citation | |
---|---|---|
AHD | = | Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000) |
ELD | = | Charlton T. Lewis: An Elementary Latin Dictionary (1999) |
IEW | = | Julius Pokorny: Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (1959) |
LRC | = | Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin |
TLL | = | Frederick Bodmer: The Loom of Language (1944) |
W7 | = | Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963) |