Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: 2. peu- 'to repute, explore, understand'
Semantic Field(s): to Understand
Indo-European Reflexes:
| Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English | ||||
| Middle English: | account | n | account | AHD |
| accounten | vb | to account | W7 | |
| counten | vb | to count | W7 | |
| deputen | vb | to depute | W7 | |
| disputen | vb | to dispute | W7 | |
| imputen | vb | to impute | W7 | |
| putative | adj | putative | W7 | |
| reputen | vb | to repute | W7 | |
| English: | account | n.arch | reckoning, computation | W7 |
| account | vb | to give report on | AHD/W7 | |
| compute | vb | to count, reckon, calculate | TLL | |
| computer | n | person/thing that computes | LRC | |
| count | vb | to number, name/indicate by units/groups to find total | AHD/W7 | |
| depute | vb.trans | to appoint, delegate | AHD/W7 | |
| dispute | vb | to argue, debate | AHD/W7 | |
| impute | vb.trans | to charge, lay blame/responsibility for | AHD/W7 | |
| putative | adj | reputed, commonly accepted/supposed | AHD/W7 | |
| repute | vb.trans | to account, hold in thought | AHD/W7 | |
| Italic | ||||
| Latin: | computō, computāre | vb | to count, tally, compute | ELD/W7 |
| dēputo, dēputare | vb | to depute; count, estimate, consider | W7 | |
| disputo, disputare | vb | to dispute, discuss, reckon up | W7 | |
| imputo, imputare | vb | to impute, take credit for | W7 | |
| putatus | vb.ptc | thought | W7 | |
| putō, putāre, putāvī, putātum | vb | to think, reckon | LRC | |
| reputo, reputare | vb | to count, compute; repute, (re)consider | W7 | |
| Vulgar Latin: | imputō, imputāre | vb | to impute, attribute | W7 |
| Late Latin: | putativus | adj | putative, thought to be | W7 |
| Old French: | acont | n | account | AHD |
| aconter | vb | to account, reckon | AHD | |
| desputer | vb | to dispute | W7 | |
| Middle French: | acompter | vb | to account, amount to | W7 |
| compter | vb | to count | W7 | |
| deputer | vb | to depute, send on mission | W7 | |
| réputer | vb | to repute | W7 | |
| French: | compter | vb | to count | W7 |
| Slavic | ||||
| Old Church Slavonic: | pytajǫ, pytajati | vb | to search, explore, examine | IEW |
| Hellenic | ||||
| Greek: | νήπιος | adj | foolish, childish | LRC |
| πινυτός | adj | smart | IEW | |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
| Abbrev. | Meaning | |
|---|---|---|
| adj | = | adjective |
| arch | = | archaic |
| n | = | noun |
| ptc | = | participle |
| trans | = | transitive |
| vb | = | verb |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
| Code | Citation | |
|---|---|---|
| AHD | = | Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000) |
| ELD | = | Charlton T. Lewis: An Elementary Latin Dictionary (1999) |
| IEW | = | Julius Pokorny: Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (1959) |
| LRC | = | Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin |
| TLL | = | Frederick Bodmer: The Loom of Language (1944) |
| W7 | = | Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963) |