Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: 1. peu-, peu̯ə- : pū̆- 'to sift, clean, purge, purify'
Semantic Field(s): Pure, Clean
Indo-European Reflexes:
| Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Celtic | ||||
| Middle Irish: | ūr | adj | fresh, green | W7 |
| English | ||||
| Middle English: | pouren | vb | to pour | W7 |
| pur | adj | pure, untainted | W7 | |
| purgen | vb | to purge | W7 | |
| spurge | n | spurge | W7 | |
| English: | compurgation | n | clearing of accused by oaths re: innocence/veracity | AHD/W7 |
| depurate | vb | to cleanse, purify, clarify | AHD/CDC | |
| expurgate | vb.trans | to cleanse of moral harm/error/offense | AHD/W7 | |
| pour | vb | to cause to flow/stream | AHD/W7 | |
| pure | adj | unmixed with other matter | AHD/W7 | |
| puree | n | paste/thick liquid suspension, sieved cooked food | AHD/W7 | |
| purge | vb | to clear of moral/ceremonial defilement | AHD/W7 | |
| spurge | n | usu. shrubby plant | AHD/W7 | |
| Italic | ||||
| Latin: | compurgatus | vb.ptc | completely cleared up | W7 |
| compūrgō, compūrgāre | vb | to clear completely | W7 | |
| expurgatus | vb.ptc | purged, cleaned out | W7 | |
| expūrgō, expūrgāre | vb | to clean out | W7 | |
| pūrgō, pūrgāre | vb | to purge, purify | W7 | |
| puro, purāre | vb | to purify | W7 | |
| purus, pura, purum | adj | pure | LRC | |
| putō, putāre | vb | to clear, cleanse | W7 | |
| Late Latin: | compurgatio | n.fem | complete clearance | W7 |
| Spanish: | púro | adj | pure | TLL |
| Old French: | pur | adj | pure | W7 |
| purgier | vb | to purge, purify | W7 | |
| Middle French: | espurgier | vb | to purge | W7 |
| puré | vb.ptc | purified | W7 | |
| purer | vb | to purify, strain | W7 | |
| spurge | n.fem | spurge | W7 | |
| Indic | ||||
| Sanskrit: | punāti | vb | to cleanse | W7 |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
| Abbrev. | Meaning | |
|---|---|---|
| adj | = | adjective |
| fem | = | feminine (gender) |
| n | = | noun |
| ptc | = | participle |
| trans | = | transitive |
| vb | = | verb |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
| Code | Citation | |
|---|---|---|
| AHD | = | Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000) |
| CDC | = | W.D. Whitney and B.E. Smith: The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia (1889-1911) |
| LRC | = | Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin |
| TLL | = | Frederick Bodmer: The Loom of Language (1944) |
| W7 | = | Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963) |