Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: 1. peu-, peu̯ə- : pū̆- 'to sift, clean, purge, purify'
Semantic Field(s): Pure, Clean
Indo-European Reflexes:
Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Celtic | ||||
Middle Irish: | ūr | adj | fresh, green | W7 |
English | ||||
Middle English: | pouren | vb | to pour | W7 |
pur | adj | pure, untainted | W7 | |
purgen | vb | to purge | W7 | |
spurge | n | spurge | W7 | |
English: | compurgation | n | clearing of accused by oaths re: innocence/veracity | AHD/W7 |
depurate | vb | to cleanse, purify, clarify | AHD/CDC | |
expurgate | vb.trans | to cleanse of moral harm/error/offense | AHD/W7 | |
pour | vb | to cause to flow/stream | AHD/W7 | |
pure | adj | unmixed with other matter | AHD/W7 | |
puree | n | paste/thick liquid suspension, sieved cooked food | AHD/W7 | |
purge | vb | to clear of moral/ceremonial defilement | AHD/W7 | |
spurge | n | usu. shrubby plant | AHD/W7 | |
Italic | ||||
Latin: | compurgatus | vb.ptc | completely cleared up | W7 |
compūrgō, compūrgāre | vb | to clear completely | W7 | |
expurgatus | vb.ptc | purged, cleaned out | W7 | |
expūrgō, expūrgāre | vb | to clean out | W7 | |
pūrgō, pūrgāre | vb | to purge, purify | W7 | |
puro, purāre | vb | to purify | W7 | |
purus, pura, purum | adj | pure | LRC | |
putō, putāre | vb | to clear, cleanse | W7 | |
Late Latin: | compurgatio | n.fem | complete clearance | W7 |
Spanish: | púro | adj | pure | TLL |
Old French: | pur | adj | pure | W7 |
purgier | vb | to purge, purify | W7 | |
Middle French: | espurgier | vb | to purge | W7 |
puré | vb.ptc | purified | W7 | |
purer | vb | to purify, strain | W7 | |
spurge | n.fem | spurge | W7 | |
Indic | ||||
Sanskrit: | punāti | vb | to cleanse | W7 |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
Abbrev. | Meaning | |
---|---|---|
adj | = | adjective |
fem | = | feminine (gender) |
n | = | noun |
ptc | = | participle |
trans | = | transitive |
vb | = | verb |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
Code | Citation | |
---|---|---|
AHD | = | Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000) |
CDC | = | W.D. Whitney and B.E. Smith: The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia (1889-1911) |
LRC | = | Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin |
TLL | = | Frederick Bodmer: The Loom of Language (1944) |
W7 | = | Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963) |