Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: 2. reg̑-, rek̑-, rek-? 'damp; rain'
Semantic Field(s): Wet, Damp, Rain (n)
Indo-European Reflexes:
Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|
English | ||||
Old English: | regn, rēn | n.masc | rain | LRC |
regn-boga | n.masc | rainbow | ASD | |
Middle English: | reyn | n | rain | W7 |
English: | irrigate | vb | to wet, moisten | AHD/W7 |
rain | n | water falling through air in drops | AHD/W7 | |
rainbow | n | rain/mist/spray reflecting/refracting sun's rays in colored arc | TLL | |
West Germanic | ||||
Old Frisian: | rein | n | rain | ASD |
Dutch: | regen | n | rain | LRC |
regenboog | n | rainbow | TLL | |
Old Saxon: | regan, regin | n | rain | ASD |
Old High German: | regan | n | rain | W7 |
German: | Regen | n.masc | rain | LRC |
Regenbogen | n | rainbow | TLL | |
North Germanic | ||||
Icelandic: | regn | n.neut | rain | ASD |
Danish: | regn | n | rain | TLL |
regnbue | n | rainbow | TLL | |
Swedish: | regn | n | rain | TLL |
regnbåge | n | rainbow | TLL | |
East Germanic | ||||
Gothic: | rign | n.neut | rain | ASD |
Crimean Gothic: | reghen | n | rain | CGo |
Italic | ||||
Latin: | irrigatus | vb.ptc | watered, irrigated | W7 |
irrigo, irrigāre | vb | to water, irrigate | W7 | |
rigo, rigāre | vb | to wet, conduct water | W7 |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
Abbrev. | Meaning | |
---|---|---|
masc | = | masculine (gender) |
n | = | noun |
neut | = | neuter (gender) |
ptc | = | participle |
vb | = | verb |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
Code | Citation | |
---|---|---|
AHD | = | Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000) |
ASD | = | Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898) |
CGo | = | MacDonald Stearns, Jr: Crimean Gothic (1978) |
LRC | = | Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin |
TLL | = | Frederick Bodmer: The Loom of Language (1944) |
W7 | = | Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963) |