Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: 2. sal- 'gray, dirty, sallow'
Semantic Field(s): White, Light in Color, Dirty, Soiled
Indo-European Reflexes:
| Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English | ||||
| Old English: | salu | adj | sallow, dusky | W7 |
| sealh, salig | n.masc | sallow, willow | ASD | |
| Middle English: | sallow | n | sallow | W7 |
| salowe | adj | sallow | W7 | |
| English: | salicin | n | bitter white crystalline glucoside like salicylic acid | AHD/W7 |
| saliva | n | spittle | LRC | |
| sallow | adj | grayish/greenish yellow in color | AHD/W7 | |
| sallow | n | selly: broad-leaved Old World willow | AHD/W7 | |
| sialadenitis | n | salivary gland inflammation | AHD | |
| West Germanic | ||||
| Old High German: | sal(a)ha | n.fem | sallow, willow | ASD/W7 |
| salo | adj | sallow, murky | W7 | |
| German: | Sahl-weide | n | sallow | ASD |
| North Germanic | ||||
| Icelandic: | selga | n.fem | sallow, willow | ASD |
| sölr | adj | sallow, yellow | ASD | |
| Italic | ||||
| Latin: | salīva | n.fem | spittle, saliva | ELD/W7 |
| salix, salicis | n.fem | willow | W7 | |
| French: | salicine | n.fem | substance found in sap of poplars/willows | W7 |
| Hellenic | ||||
| Greek: | σίαλον | n | spittle, saliva | ELD |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
| Abbrev. | Meaning | |
|---|---|---|
| adj | = | adjective |
| fem | = | feminine (gender) |
| masc | = | masculine (gender) |
| n | = | noun |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
| Code | Citation | |
|---|---|---|
| AHD | = | Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000) |
| ASD | = | Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898) |
| ELD | = | Charlton T. Lewis: An Elementary Latin Dictionary (1999) |
| LRC | = | Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin |
| W7 | = | Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963) |
