Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: saus-, sus- 'sere, dry'
Semantic Field(s): Dry, Arid
Indo-European Reflexes:
| Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English | ||||
| Old English: | sēar, siēre | adj | sere | ASD/RPN |
| sēarian | vb | to sear | W7 | |
| Middle English: | austere | adj | austere | W7 |
| sere | adj | sere | W7 | |
| seren | vb | to sear | W7 | |
| sorelle | n | sorrel | W7 | |
| English: | austere | adj | stern/forbidding in manner/appearance | AHD/W7 |
| sear | vb | to wither away, become sere | AHD/W7 | |
| sere | adj | dry, withered | AHD/W7 | |
| sorrel | n | animal of sorrel color | AHD/W7 | |
| West Germanic | ||||
| Old Dutch: | sore, zoor | adj | sere | ASD |
| Middle Low German: | sōr | adj | sere | RPN |
| Low German: | soor | adj | sere | ASD |
| Old High German: | (ar-)sōrēn | vb | to sear | ASD/RPN |
| un-saorentlih | adj | unseared, unwithering | ASD | |
| Italic | ||||
| Latin: | austerus | adj | harsh, severe, austere | W7 |
| Old French: | austere | adj | austere | CDC |
| Middle French: | austère | adj | harsh, severe, austere | W7 |
| sor | adj | reddish brown | W7 | |
| sorel | adj | brown | W7 | |
| Baltic | ||||
| Lithuanian: | saũsas | adj | sere, arid | RPN |
| Slavic | ||||
| Old Church Slavonic: | suxъ | adj | sere | RPN |
| Hellenic | ||||
| Homeric Greek: | αὖος | adj | sere | RPN |
| ἀυσταλέος | adj | sere, unkempt, unanointed | LRC | |
| Attic: | αὗος | adj | sere | LS |
| Greek: | αὐστηρός | adj | harsh, severe, austere | W7 |
| Indic | ||||
| Sanskrit: | śoṣa-ḥ | adj | drying up | RPN |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
| Abbrev. | Meaning | |
|---|---|---|
| adj | = | adjective |
| n | = | noun |
| vb | = | verb |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
| Code | Citation | |
|---|---|---|
| AHD | = | Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000) |
| ASD | = | Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898) |
| CDC | = | W.D. Whitney and B.E. Smith: The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia (1889-1911) |
| LRC | = | Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin |
| LS | = | Liddell and Scott: Greek-English Lexicon, 7th-9th ed's (1882-1940), rev. |
| RPN | = | Allan R. Bomhard: Reconstructing Proto-Nostratic (2002) |
| W7 | = | Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963) |
