Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: sei-, soi- 'to drip, be damp'
Semantic Field(s): Rain (n), Wet, Damp
Indo-European Reflexes:
| Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Celtic | ||||
| Welsh: | hufen | n | cream | LRC |
| English | ||||
| English: | -(a)emia | n.sfx | disease/condition re: blood | AHD/W7 |
| anemia | n | blood deficient in volume/hemoglobin/red blood cells | AHD/W7 | |
| hematic | adj | re: blood | AHD | |
| hematite | n | iron ore, reddish mineral | AHD | |
| hemat(o)- | pfx | blood | AHD | |
| hem(o)- | pfx | blood | AHD | |
| hemorrhage | n | blood leakage from vein/artery | AHD/W7 | |
| hemostatic | adj | re: stopping bleeding | W7 | |
| ischemia | n | tissue anemia due to arterial blood obstruction | AHD/W7 | |
| West Germanic | ||||
| Dutch: | honingzeem | n | virgin honey | LRC |
| Old Saxon: | sêm | n | thick liquid; nectar of flowers | KSW |
| Low German: | seem | n | thick flowing liquid | SAO |
| Old High German: | seim | n | thick liquid; flower nectar | KDW |
| seim-honag | n | flower nectar | LRC | |
| wazzar-seim | n | crowfoot (plant whose leaves yield toxic/medicinal oil) | KDW | |
| German: | Seim | n | thick liquid flow/excess (e.g. honey, barley-water) | LRC |
| seimen | vb.arch | to press/strain/separate with thick liquid as product (e.g. honey from wax) | SAO | |
| Seimhonig, Honigseim | n.arch | virgin honey | LRC | |
| seimig | adj | thick, ropy, viscid | LRC | |
| North Germanic | ||||
| Old Norse: | hunangs-seimr | n | virgin honey | LRC |
| seimr | n | honeycomb; virgin honey | KNW | |
| Danish: | sime | vb.dial | to drip, drop (of honey) | |
| Swedish: | simma | vb.trans | to skim (milk); press/strain/separate with thick liquid as product | SAO |
| simmig | adj | thick, viscid, cloudy | SAO | |
| Gutnish: | saima | vb.refl | to become thick (liquid) | SAO |
| Italic | ||||
| Latin: | haemorrhagia | n.fem | hemorrhage | W7 |
| New Latin: | -(a)emia | sfx | disease/condition re: blood | W7 |
| anemia | n.fem | anemia, bloodlessness | W7 | |
| French: | hémorrhagie | n.fem | hemorrhage | W7 |
| Hellenic | ||||
| Homeric Greek: | ἇιμα | n.neut | blood, carnage, bloodshed | LRC |
| Greek: | haimorrhagia | n.fem | hemorrhage | W7 |
| anaimia | n.fem | anemia, bloodlessness | W7 | |
| ischaimos | adj | hemostatic, holding blood | W7 | |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
| Abbrev. | Meaning | |
|---|---|---|
| adj | = | adjective |
| arch | = | archaic |
| dial | = | dialectal |
| fem | = | feminine (gender) |
| n | = | noun |
| neut | = | neuter (gender) |
| pfx | = | prefix |
| refl | = | reflexive |
| sfx | = | suffix |
| trans | = | transitive |
| vb | = | verb |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
| Code | Citation | |
|---|---|---|
| AHD | = | Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000) |
| KDW | = | Gerhard Köbler: Althochdeutsches Wörterbuch, 4th ed. (1993) |
| KNW | = | Gerhard Köbler: Altnordisches Wörterbuch, 2nd ed. (2003) |
| KSW | = | Gerhard Köbler: Altsächsisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed. (2000) |
| LRC | = | Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin |
| SAO | = | Swedish Academy: Svenska Akademiens Ordbok (2011) |
| W7 | = | Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963) |
