Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: seip-, seib- 'to sift, pour out'
Semantic Field(s): to Pour
Indo-European Reflexes:
Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|
English | ||||
Old English: | sāpe | n.fem | soap, salve | ASD |
sife | n.neut | sieve | ASD | |
sifeþa, seofoþa | n.masc/fem.pl | siftings | ASD | |
siftan | vb.wk | to sift | ASD/W7 | |
sipian, sypian | vb | to seep, take in moisture | ASD | |
Middle English: | siften | vb | to sift | W7 |
sipen | vb | to seep | W7 | |
sive | n | sieve | W7 | |
sope | n | soap | W7 | |
English: | saponaceous | adj | soapy, re: soap | AHD/W7 |
saponated | adj | treated/combined with soap | AHD/W7 | |
saponin | n | plant glucosides producing soapy lather | AHD/W7 | |
saponite | n | hydrous magnesium aluminum silicate | AHD/W7 | |
seep | vb.intrans | to ooze, flow/pass slowly through pores/small openings | AHD/W7 | |
sieve | n | device with mesh/perforations through which liquids/fine particles pass | AHD/W7 | |
sift | vb | to pass through a sieve | AHD/W7 | |
sipe | vb.intrans | to seep | AHD/W7 | |
soap | n | cleansing/emulsifying agent made from alkali and fat/fatty acids | AHD/W7 | |
West Germanic | ||||
Dutch: | zeep | n | soap | TLL |
Middle Low German: | sipen | vb | to seep | W7 |
Old High German: | seifa | n | soap | ASD |
sib | n.neut | sieve | ASD | |
German: | Seife | n.fem | soap | LRC |
Sieb | n.neut | sieve | LRC | |
sieben | vb | to sieve | LRC | |
North Germanic | ||||
Danish: | sæbe | n | soap | TLL |
Swedish: | saponit | n | saponite | W7 |
Italic | ||||
Latin: | sāpo, sapōnis | n.masc | soap | W7 |
sebum | n.neut | tallow | W7 | |
New Latin: | saponaceus | adj | soapy | W7 |
French: | saponine | n.fem | saponin | W7 |
Italian: | saponata | n.fem | lather, soapsuds | LRC |
sapone | n.masc | soap | LRC | |
Slavic | ||||
Serbo-Croatian: | sípiti | vb | to drizzle | W7 |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
Abbrev. | Meaning | |
---|---|---|
adj | = | adjective |
fem | = | feminine (gender) |
intrans | = | intransitive |
masc | = | masculine (gender) |
n | = | noun |
neut | = | neuter (gender) |
pl | = | plural (number) |
vb | = | verb |
wk | = | weak (inflection) |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
Code | Citation | |
---|---|---|
AHD | = | Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000) |
ASD | = | Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898) |
LRC | = | Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin |
TLL | = | Frederick Bodmer: The Loom of Language (1944) |
W7 | = | Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963) |