Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: (s)kek-, skeg- 'to jump, spring, move quickly; shake'
Semantic Field(s): to Jump, Leap
Indo-European Reflexes:
| Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English | ||||
| Old English: | sc(e)acan, scēoc, scōc, sc(e)acen | vb.str | to shake; flee, hurry | ASD/IEW |
| sceacga | n.masc | hair on head | ASD/W7 | |
| sceacged | adj | shaggy, having hair on head | ASD | |
| scēon | vb.wk | to hurry, hasten; occur, happen | IEW | |
| Middle English: | *shagge | n | shag | W7 |
| shaken | vb | to shake | W7 | |
| English: | shag | n | shaggy tangled mass/covering | W7 |
| shaggy | adj | re: long/coarse/matted hair/fiber | W7 | |
| shake, shook, shaken | vb.str | to quiver, vibrate, agitate | IEW | |
| skeg | n | surfboard fin | LRC | |
| West Germanic | ||||
| German: | Geschick | n.neut | fate | TLL |
| North Germanic | ||||
| Old Norse: | skaka | vb.str | to shake, swing, cut | IEW/W7 |
| skegg | n.neut | shag, beard | LRC | |
| skógr | n.masc | wood, forest | LRC | |
| Icelandic: | skegg | n | shag, beard | ASD |
| Danish: | overskaeg | n | moustache | TLL |
| skaeg | n | shag, beard | TLL | |
| skov | n | wood, forest | TLL | |
| Swedish: | skaka | vb | to shake | TLL |
| skog | n | wood, forest | TLL | |
| skägg | n | shag, beard | TLL | |
| Baltic | ||||
| Latvian: | sākt, sāku, sāku | vb | to begin | LRC |
| Indic | ||||
| Sanskrit: | khajati | vb | to shake, stir | IEW/W7 |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
| Abbrev. | Meaning | |
|---|---|---|
| adj | = | adjective |
| masc | = | masculine (gender) |
| n | = | noun |
| neut | = | neuter (gender) |
| str | = | strong (inflection) |
| vb | = | verb |
| wk | = | weak (inflection) |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
| Code | Citation | |
|---|---|---|
| ASD | = | Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898) |
| IEW | = | Julius Pokorny: Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (1959) |
| LRC | = | Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin |
| TLL | = | Frederick Bodmer: The Loom of Language (1944) |
| W7 | = | Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963) |
