Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: (s)lā̆gu̯- 'to grab, latch, seize'
Semantic Field(s): to Grasp, Seize, Take Hold of
Indo-European Reflexes:
| Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English | ||||
| Old English: | læcc(e)an | vb | to latch | ASD/W7 |
| Middle English: | astrolab(i)e, astrelabie, astrolabre | n | astrolabe | CDC/W7 |
| catalempsi | n | catalepsy | W7 | |
| lachen | vb | to latch | W7 | |
| syllable | n | syllable | W7 | |
| English: | analeptic | adj | restorative | AHD/W7 |
| astrolabe | n | navigational instrument | AHD/W7 | |
| catalepsy | n | condition of suspended animation | AHD/W7 | |
| epilepsy | n | disorder marked by convulsive attacks | AHD/W7 | |
| latch | vb.intrans | to (catch/get) hold | AHD/W7 | |
| lemma | n | proposition accepted as true | AHD/W7 | |
| -lepsy | n.sfx | taking, seizure | AHD/W7 | |
| nympholepsy | n | frenzy/ecstasy thought to be induced by nymphs | AHD | |
| nympholept | n | one in state of nympholepsy | AHD | |
| organoleptic | adj | affecting/employing organ of special sense | AHD/W7 | |
| prolepsis | n | anticipation | AHD/W7 | |
| syllable | n | unit of spoken language without stops | AHD/W7 | |
| syllepsis | n | use of word to govern/modify 2+ other words only one of which agrees in gender/number/case | AHD/W7 | |
| Italic | ||||
| Latin: | lemma | n.neut | assumption, thing taken | W7 |
| syllaba | n.fem | syllable | W7 | |
| syllepsis | n.fem | syllepsis | W7 | |
| Late Latin: | catalepsis | n.fem | catalepsy | W7 |
| epilepsia | n.fem | epilepsy | W7 | |
| -lepsia | sfx | slipping | W7 | |
| Middle Latin: | astrolabium | n | astroblabe | CDC |
| Medieval Latin: | astrolabium | n.neut | astrolabe | W7 |
| catalepsia | n.fem | catalepsy | W7 | |
| Old French: | astrelabe | n | astrolabe | CDC |
| Middle French: | astrolabe | n.masc | astrolabe | W7 |
| epilepsie | n.fem | epilepsy | W7 | |
| -lepsie | sfx | -lepsy | W7 | |
| sillabe | n.fem | syllable | W7 | |
| French: | astrolabe | n | astrolabe | CDC |
| organoleptique | adj | organoleptic | W7 | |
| Hellenic | ||||
| Homeric Greek: | λαμβάνω | vb | to take, capture, receive | LRC |
| Greek: | ἀνα-λαμβάνω | vb | to restore, lit. take up/along | LRC |
| ana-lēptikos | adj | taken up | W7 | |
| astro-labos | n.masc | astrolabe | W7 | |
| ἐπι-λαμβάνω | vb | to seize | LRC | |
| epi-lēpsia | n.fem | epilepsy, seizure | W7 | |
| κατα-λαμβάνω | vb | to seize | LRC | |
| kata-lēpsis | n.fem | act of seizing | W7 | |
| lēmma | n.neut | assumption, thing taken | W7 | |
| lēptikos | adj | disposed to take | W7 | |
| -lēpsia | afx | fallen, slid | W7 | |
| lēpsis | n.fem | abandonment | W7 | |
| παρα-λαμβάνω | vb | to take | LRC | |
| προ-λαμβάνω | vb | to take beforehand | LRC | |
| pro-lēpsis | n.fem | abandonment | W7 | |
| syl-labē | n.fem | syllable | W7 | |
| συλ-λαμβάνω | vb | to gather together | LRC | |
| syl-lēpsis | n.fem | syllepsis | W7 | |
| Late Greek: | astro-labion | n.neut | astrolabe | W7 |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
| Abbrev. | Meaning | |
|---|---|---|
| adj | = | adjective |
| afx | = | affix |
| fem | = | feminine (gender) |
| intrans | = | intransitive |
| masc | = | masculine (gender) |
| n | = | noun |
| neut | = | neuter (gender) |
| sfx | = | suffix |
| vb | = | verb |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
| Code | Citation | |
|---|---|---|
| AHD | = | Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000) |
| ASD | = | Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898) |
| CDC | = | W.D. Whitney and B.E. Smith: The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia (1889-1911) |
| LRC | = | Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin |
| W7 | = | Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963) |