Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: sleub(h)- 'to slide, slip'
Semantic Field(s): to Slip, Slide
Indo-European Reflexes:
Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|
English | ||||
Old English: | cūslyppe, cūsloppe | n.fem | cowslip, lit. cow-dung | ASD/W7 |
oferslop | n.neut | slop, surplice | ASD/W7 | |
oxanslyppe | n.fem | oxlip, lit. ox-dung | ASD/W7 | |
slēfan | vb | to slip (clothes) on | W7 | |
slīepan | vb | to cause to slip in, make to enter | GED | |
slīf, slī(e)fe, slēf, slȳf | n.fem | sleeve | ASD/W7 | |
slōpian | vb | to cause to slip in, make to enter | GED | |
slūpan | vb.str | to slip (in) | ASD/GED | |
slypa, slyppe | n.fem | slime, paste | W7 | |
slype | n | slip, garment | W7 | |
Middle English: | cowslyppe | n | cowslip | W7 |
oxeslippe | n | oxlip | W7 | |
sleve | n | sleeve | W7 | |
sloppe | n | slop | W7 | |
sloveyn | n | sloven, rascal | W7 | |
slyp | n | slime, slip | W7 | |
English: | cowslip | n | common British primrose | AHD/W7 |
lubricate | vb | to make smooth/slippery | AHD/W7 | |
lubric(i)ous | adj | smooth, slippery; tricky, elusive | W2I | |
lubricity | n | having lubricious quality | AHD | |
oxlip | n | hybrid primrose | AHD/W7 | |
sleeve | n | garment part covering arm | AHD/W7 | |
slip | n | slurry: mixture of water/fine clay | AHD/W7 | |
sloop | n | boat rigged fore-and-aft with single mast/headsail jib | AHD/W7 | |
slop | n | slush, soft mud | AHD/W7 | |
slop | n | loose smock/overall | AHD/W7 | |
sloven | n | one habitually negligent re: neatness/cleanliness | AHD/W7 | |
slovenly | adj | untidy, lazily slipshod, re: sloven | W7 | |
West Germanic | ||||
Old Frisian: | slēpa | vb | to cause to slip in, make to enter | GED |
Middle Dutch: | slop | n | slop (smock) | W7 |
Dutch: | sloep | n | sloop | W7 |
Flemish: | sloovin | n | sloven, woman of low character | W7 |
Middle Low German: | slūpen | vb | to slip in | GED |
Old High German: | sliofan, sliufan | vb.str | to slip in | GED |
sloufen | vb.wk | to cause to slip in, make to enter | GED | |
slupfen | vb.wk | to slip in | GED | |
German: | schlüpfen | vb | to slip into | LRC |
North Germanic | ||||
Icelandic: | yfir-sloppr | n | surplice, over-garment | ASD |
East Germanic | ||||
Gothic: | *sliupan | vb.str.II | to slip into | GED |
Italic | ||||
Latin: | lubricatus | vb.ptc | made slippery | W7 |
lubrico, lubricāre | vb | to make slippery | W7 | |
lūbricus | adj | slippery | GED | |
Medieval Latin: | lubricus | adj | lubricious | W7 |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
Abbrev. | Meaning | |
---|---|---|
II | = | class 2 |
adj | = | adjective |
fem | = | feminine (gender) |
n | = | noun |
neut | = | neuter (gender) |
ptc | = | participle |
str | = | strong (inflection) |
vb | = | verb |
wk | = | weak (inflection) |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
Code | Citation | |
---|---|---|
AHD | = | Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000) |
ASD | = | Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898) |
GED | = | Winfred P. Lehmann: A Gothic Etymological Dictionary (1986) |
LRC | = | Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin |
W2I | = | Webster's New International Dictionary of the English Language, 2nd ed. (1959) |
W7 | = | Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963) |