Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: (s)pī̆ko- 'woodpecker (or other large bird)'
Semantic Field(s): Bird
Indo-European Reflexes:
| Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English | ||||
| Old English: | pīc | n.masc | pike, point, pick(ax) | ASD/W7 |
| Middle English: | pie | n | pie | W7 |
| pike | n | pike, pickax, pikestaff | W7 | |
| English: | magpie | n | bird (genus Pica) related to jays | W7 |
| pica | n | 12-point type | AHD/W7 | |
| picaro | n | rogue, bohemian | AHD/W7 | |
| picket | n | pointed/sharpened stake/post/pale | AHD/W7 | |
| pie | n | magpie | AHD/W7 | |
| pike | n | pikestaff | AHD/W7 | |
| pikestaff | n | spiked staff | W7 | |
| pique | n | durable ribbed clothing fabric | AHD/W7 | |
| pique | vb.trans | to irritate, arouse anger/resentment in | AHD/W7 | |
| West Germanic | ||||
| Old High German: | speh | n | pie | W7 |
| German: | Specht | n.masc | woodpecker | LRC |
| Italic | ||||
| Latin: | pica | n.fem | magpie | W7 |
| picus | n.masc | woodpecker | W7 | |
| Medieval Latin: | pica | n.fem | collection of church rules | W7 |
| Spanish: | pícaro | n.masc | character in picaresque novels | W7 |
| Old French: | pie | n.fem | magpie | W7 |
| Middle French: | piquer | vb | to prick, sting | W7 |
| piquet | n.masc | prick | W7 | |
| French: | piqué | vb.ptc | pricked | W7 |
| piquer | vb | to prick, quilt | W7 | |
| piquet | n.masc | stick, rod | W7 | |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
| Abbrev. | Meaning | |
|---|---|---|
| fem | = | feminine (gender) |
| masc | = | masculine (gender) |
| n | = | noun |
| ptc | = | participle |
| trans | = | transitive |
| vb | = | verb |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
| Code | Citation | |
|---|---|---|
| AHD | = | Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000) |
| ASD | = | Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898) |
| LRC | = | Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin |
| W7 | = | Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963) |
