Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: stegh-, nasalized stengh- 'stick, stalk, stang, etc.'
Semantic Field(s): Branch
Indo-European Reflexes:
| Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English | ||||
| Old English: | stacga, stagga | n.masc | stag | W7 |
| steng | n | stang | KEW | |
| stingan, stang, stungon, stungen | vb.str | to sting | ASD/W7 | |
| Middle English: | stagge | n | stag | W7 |
| stingen | vb | to sting | W7 | |
| stong, stang(e) | n | stang | W2I | |
| English: | stag | n | adult male red deer | AHD/W7 |
| stang | n.dial | rail, pole, beam | W2I | |
| sting, stung | vb.str | to prick painfully | AHD/W7 | |
| Sting | prop.n | sword of Bilbo/Frodo in Tolkien: The Hobbit, The Lord of the Rings | LRC | |
| stochastic | adj | random | AHD/W7 | |
| West Germanic | ||||
| Dutch: | stang | n | stang | W2I |
| stengel | n | stang, stalk | TLL | |
| Old High German: | stengil, stingil | n | stang, stalk | KDW |
| German: | Stange | n | stang, rod | LRC |
| Stengel, Stängel | n | stang, stalk | TLL | |
| North Germanic | ||||
| Old Norse: | andarsteggi | n | drake | W7 |
| stinga | vb | to sting | W7 | |
| stǫng | n.fem | stang, rod | KNW | |
| Icelandic: | stinga | vb | to sting, stick, stab | ASD |
| East Germanic | ||||
| Gothic: | us-stiggan | vb | to thrust out | ASD |
| Hellenic | ||||
| Homeric Greek: | στάχυς | n.masc | ear of grain | LRC |
| Greek: | stochazesthai | vb | to aim at, guess at | W7 |
| stochastikos | adj | skillful in aiming | W7 | |
| stochos | n.masc | aim, guess, target | W7 | |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
| Abbrev. | Meaning | |
|---|---|---|
| adj | = | adjective |
| dial | = | dialectal |
| fem | = | feminine (gender) |
| masc | = | masculine (gender) |
| n | = | noun |
| prop | = | proper |
| str | = | strong (inflection) |
| vb | = | verb |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
| Code | Citation | |
|---|---|---|
| AHD | = | Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000) |
| ASD | = | Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898) |
| KDW | = | Gerhard Köbler: Althochdeutsches Wörterbuch, 4th ed. (1993) |
| KEW | = | Gerhard Köbler: Altenglisches Wörterbuch, 2nd ed. (2003) |
| KNW | = | Gerhard Köbler: Altnordisches Wörterbuch, 2nd ed. (2003) |
| LRC | = | Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin |
| TLL | = | Frederick Bodmer: The Loom of Language (1944) |
| W2I | = | Webster's New International Dictionary of the English Language, 2nd ed. (1959) |
| W7 | = | Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963) |
