Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: steigh- 'to climb, ascend; stride, march'
Semantic Field(s): to Rise, to Walk
Indo-European Reflexes:
Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|
English | ||||
Old English: | gestīgan, gestāh, gestigon, gestigen | vb.str.I | to mount, ascend | LRC |
stǣger | n.fem | stair(case) | W7 | |
stīgan, stāh, stigon, stigen | vb.str.I | to rise, ascend | LRC | |
stigel | n.fem | stile | W7 | |
stīgend | n.masc | sty | W7 | |
stigrāp | n.masc | stirrup | W7 | |
stihtan | vb.wk | to stickle, arrange | ASD/W7 | |
Middle English: | steir | n | stair(case) | W7 |
stighten | vb | to stickle, arrange | W7 | |
stightlen | vb.freq | stickle | W7 | |
stile | n | stile | W7 | |
stirop | n | stirrup | W7 | |
styan | n | sty | W7 | |
English: | acrostic | n | composition where initial/final letters of lines form word/phrase/sequence | AHD/W7 |
cadastre | n | official register of real estate value/quantity/ownership | AHD/W7 | |
distich | n | strophic unit: two lines | AHD/W7 | |
hemistich | n | poetic half-verse | AHD/W7 | |
pentastich | n | poem/stanza with five lines | AHD | |
stair | n | flight/series of steps from level to level | AHD/W7 | |
stich | n | line of verse | AHD | |
stichometry | n | division of prose into fixed-length lines | AHD | |
stichomythia | n | dialogue of dispute/altercation in alternating lines | AHD/W7 | |
stickle | vb.intrans | to contend stubbornly on insufficient grounds | AHD/W7 | |
stickler | n | one who stickles, insists on exactness/completeness | LRC | |
stile | n | (set of) steps for getting over fence/wall | AHD/W7 | |
stirrup | n | ring used as foot support while riding | AHD/W7 | |
stoichiometry | n | branch of chemical science | AHD/W7 | |
sty | n | inflamed sebaceous gland swelling at eyelid margin | AHD/W7 | |
West Germanic | ||||
Old Frisian: | stīga | vb | to go, ascend | ASD |
stīge | n | score, twenty pieces | LRC | |
Dutch: | steeg | n | lane | TLL |
stichten | vb | to arrange; instigate | ASD | |
stijgen | vb | to go, ascend | ASD | |
Old Saxon: | gi-stīgan | vb | to mount, ascend, descend | ASD |
stīgan | vb | to go, ascend | ASD | |
Old High German: | stegareif | n | stirrup | W7 |
stiften | vb | to arrange; instigate | ASD | |
stīgan | vb | to rise | W7 | |
stiglia | n | stile | ASD | |
German: | Stegreif | n | stirrup | ASD |
Steig | n.masc | hill-climbing | LRC | |
steigen | vb | to mount, ascend | ASD | |
Stiege | n.fem | staircase; score, twenty pieces | LRC | |
North Germanic | ||||
Icelandic: | stétta | vb | to found, establish | ASD |
stigreip | n | stirrup | ASD | |
stíga | vb | to go, ascend | ASD | |
Norwegian: | sti, stig(je) | n | sty | ASD |
Danish: | sti | n | path | TLL |
stige | vb | to go, ascend | ASD | |
Swedish: | stig | n | path | TLL |
stiga | vb | to go, ascend | ASD | |
East Germanic | ||||
Gothic: | ga-steigan | vb | to ascend, descend | ASD |
steigan | vb | to go, ascend | ASD | |
Crimean Gothic: | stega | n | score, twenty pieces | CGo |
Italic | ||||
Latin: | distichon | n.neut | distich | W7 |
hemistichium | n.neut | hemistich | W7 | |
Old French: | acrostiche | n | acrostic | AHD |
Middle French: | acrostiche | n.masc | acrostic | W7 |
French: | acrostiche | n.masc | acrostic | AHD |
cadastre | n.masc | cadastre | W7 | |
Old Italian: | catastico | n.masc | cadastre | W7 |
Italian: | catastro | n.masc | cadastre | W7 |
Baltic | ||||
Lithuanian: | staigà | adv | suddenly | LRC |
Hellenic | ||||
Homeric Greek: | στείχω | vb | to go, move, march, climb | LRC |
Greek: | akrostichis | n.fem | acrostic | W7 |
distichon | n.neut | distich | W7 | |
distichos | adj | having two rows | W7 | |
hēmi-stichion | n.neut | hemistich | W7 | |
sticho-mythein | vb | to speak dialogue in alternate lines | W7 | |
sticho-mythia | n.fem | stichomythia | W7 | |
stichos | n.masc | stich, line, verse | W7 | |
stoicheion | n | element | W7 | |
Late Greek: | katastichon | n.neut | notebook | W7 |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
Abbrev. | Meaning | |
---|---|---|
I | = | class 1 |
adj | = | adjective |
adv | = | adverb(ial) |
fem | = | feminine (gender) |
freq | = | frequentative (aspect) |
intrans | = | intransitive |
masc | = | masculine (gender) |
n | = | noun |
neut | = | neuter (gender) |
str | = | strong (inflection) |
vb | = | verb |
wk | = | weak (inflection) |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
Code | Citation | |
---|---|---|
AHD | = | Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000) |
ASD | = | Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898) |
CGo | = | MacDonald Stearns, Jr: Crimean Gothic (1978) |
LRC | = | Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin |
TLL | = | Frederick Bodmer: The Loom of Language (1944) |
W7 | = | Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963) |