Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: steigh- 'to climb, ascend; stride, march'
Semantic Field(s): to Rise, to Walk
Indo-European Reflexes:
| Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) | 
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English | ||||
| Old English: | gestīgan, gestāh, gestigon, gestigen | vb.str.I | to mount, ascend | LRC | 
| stǣger | n.fem | stair(case) | W7 | |
| stīgan, stāh, stigon, stigen | vb.str.I | to rise, ascend | LRC | |
| stigel | n.fem | stile | W7 | |
| stīgend | n.masc | sty | W7 | |
| stigrāp | n.masc | stirrup | W7 | |
| stihtan | vb.wk | to stickle, arrange | ASD/W7 | |
| Middle English: | steir | n | stair(case) | W7 | 
| stighten | vb | to stickle, arrange | W7 | |
| stightlen | vb.freq | stickle | W7 | |
| stile | n | stile | W7 | |
| stirop | n | stirrup | W7 | |
| styan | n | sty | W7 | |
| English: | acrostic | n | composition where initial/final letters of lines form word/phrase/sequence | AHD/W7 | 
| cadastre | n | official register of real estate value/quantity/ownership | AHD/W7 | |
| distich | n | strophic unit: two lines | AHD/W7 | |
| hemistich | n | poetic half-verse | AHD/W7 | |
| pentastich | n | poem/stanza with five lines | AHD | |
| stair | n | flight/series of steps from level to level | AHD/W7 | |
| stich | n | line of verse | AHD | |
| stichometry | n | division of prose into fixed-length lines | AHD | |
| stichomythia | n | dialogue of dispute/altercation in alternating lines | AHD/W7 | |
| stickle | vb.intrans | to contend stubbornly on insufficient grounds | AHD/W7 | |
| stickler | n | one who stickles, insists on exactness/completeness | LRC | |
| stile | n | (set of) steps for getting over fence/wall | AHD/W7 | |
| stirrup | n | ring used as foot support while riding | AHD/W7 | |
| stoichiometry | n | branch of chemical science | AHD/W7 | |
| sty | n | inflamed sebaceous gland swelling at eyelid margin | AHD/W7 | |
| West Germanic | ||||
| Old Frisian: | stīga | vb | to go, ascend | ASD | 
| stīge | n | score, twenty pieces | LRC | |
| Dutch: | steeg | n | lane | TLL | 
| stichten | vb | to arrange; instigate | ASD | |
| stijgen | vb | to go, ascend | ASD | |
| Old Saxon: | gi-stīgan | vb | to mount, ascend, descend | ASD | 
| stīgan | vb | to go, ascend | ASD | |
| Old High German: | stegareif | n | stirrup | W7 | 
| stiften | vb | to arrange; instigate | ASD | |
| stīgan | vb | to rise | W7 | |
| stiglia | n | stile | ASD | |
| German: | Stegreif | n | stirrup | ASD | 
| Steig | n.masc | hill-climbing | LRC | |
| steigen | vb | to mount, ascend | ASD | |
| Stiege | n.fem | staircase; score, twenty pieces | LRC | |
| North Germanic | ||||
| Icelandic: | stétta | vb | to found, establish | ASD | 
| stigreip | n | stirrup | ASD | |
| stíga | vb | to go, ascend | ASD | |
| Norwegian: | sti, stig(je) | n | sty | ASD | 
| Danish: | sti | n | path | TLL | 
| stige | vb | to go, ascend | ASD | |
| Swedish: | stig | n | path | TLL | 
| stiga | vb | to go, ascend | ASD | |
| East Germanic | ||||
| Gothic: | ga-steigan | vb | to ascend, descend | ASD | 
| steigan | vb | to go, ascend | ASD | |
| Crimean Gothic: | stega | n | score, twenty pieces | CGo | 
| Italic | ||||
| Latin: | distichon | n.neut | distich | W7 | 
| hemistichium | n.neut | hemistich | W7 | |
| Old French: | acrostiche | n | acrostic | AHD | 
| Middle French: | acrostiche | n.masc | acrostic | W7 | 
| French: | acrostiche | n.masc | acrostic | AHD | 
| cadastre | n.masc | cadastre | W7 | |
| Old Italian: | catastico | n.masc | cadastre | W7 | 
| Italian: | catastro | n.masc | cadastre | W7 | 
| Baltic | ||||
| Lithuanian: | staigà | adv | suddenly | LRC | 
| Hellenic | ||||
| Homeric Greek: | στείχω | vb | to go, move, march, climb | LRC | 
| Greek: | akrostichis | n.fem | acrostic | W7 | 
| distichon | n.neut | distich | W7 | |
| distichos | adj | having two rows | W7 | |
| hēmi-stichion | n.neut | hemistich | W7 | |
| sticho-mythein | vb | to speak dialogue in alternate lines | W7 | |
| sticho-mythia | n.fem | stichomythia | W7 | |
| stichos | n.masc | stich, line, verse | W7 | |
| stoicheion | n | element | W7 | |
| Late Greek: | katastichon | n.neut | notebook | W7 | 
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
| Abbrev. | Meaning | |
|---|---|---|
| I | = | class 1 | 
| adj | = | adjective | 
| adv | = | adverb(ial) | 
| fem | = | feminine (gender) | 
| freq | = | frequentative (aspect) | 
| intrans | = | intransitive | 
| masc | = | masculine (gender) | 
| n | = | noun | 
| neut | = | neuter (gender) | 
| str | = | strong (inflection) | 
| vb | = | verb | 
| wk | = | weak (inflection) | 
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
| Code | Citation | |
|---|---|---|
| AHD | = | Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000) | 
| ASD | = | Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898) | 
| CGo | = | MacDonald Stearns, Jr: Crimean Gothic (1978) | 
| LRC | = | Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin | 
| TLL | = | Frederick Bodmer: The Loom of Language (1944) | 
| W7 | = | Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963) |