Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: 2. stel-, stelə- 'to dilate, broaden, stretch out; broad'
Semantic Field(s): Wide, Broad, to Stretch
Indo-European Reflexes:
| Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English | ||||
| Middle English: | dilaten | vb | to dilate | W7 |
| latitude | n | latitude | W7 | |
| English: | dilate | vb | to widen, broaden | AHD/W7 |
| lame | n | lamina, thin plate of metal | AHD/W7 | |
| lamella | n | thin flat scale/part | AHD/W7 | |
| lateral | adj/n | (re:) side, flank | W7 | |
| laterally | adv | sideways | LRC | |
| latitude | n | width, side-to-side extent/distance | AHD/W7 | |
| omelet | n | eggs beaten/cooked with other ingredients | AHD/W7 | |
| Italic | ||||
| Latin: | dīlāto, dīlātare | vb | to dilate, spread wide | W7 |
| lamella | n.fem.dim | small blade, little plate | W7 | |
| lamina | n.fem | blade, thin plate | W7 | |
| laterālis | adj | lateral | W7 | |
| latitudo, latitudinis | n.fem | width, breadth | W7 | |
| Latium, Latii | prop.n.neut | Latium | LRC | |
| lātus, lāta, lātum | adj | wide, broad | ELD | |
| latus, latēris | n.neut | lateral | ELD | |
| New Latin: | lamella | n.fem | lamella | W7 |
| Portuguese: | lado | n | lateral | TLL |
| Spanish: | lado | n | lateral | TLL |
| Middle French: | alumelle | n.fem | knife blade | W7 |
| dilater | vb | to dilate | W7 | |
| lame | n.fem | blade, wave | W7 | |
| French: | omelette | n.fem | omelet | W7 |
| Armenian | ||||
| Armenian: | layn | adj | wide | HH/W7 |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
| Abbrev. | Meaning | |
|---|---|---|
| adj | = | adjective |
| adv | = | adverb(ial) |
| dim | = | diminutive |
| fem | = | feminine (gender) |
| n | = | noun |
| neut | = | neuter (gender) |
| prop | = | proper |
| vb | = | verb |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
| Code | Citation | |
|---|---|---|
| AHD | = | Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000) |
| ELD | = | Charlton T. Lewis: An Elementary Latin Dictionary (1999) |
| HH | = | Heinrich Hübschmann: Armenische Grammatik (1897) |
| LRC | = | Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin |
| TLL | = | Frederick Bodmer: The Loom of Language (1944) |
| W7 | = | Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963) |
