Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: tāg- 'to tidy up'
Semantic Field(s): to Sweep, Pure, Clean
Indo-European Reflexes:
| Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English | ||||
| English: | ataxia | n | confusion, lack of order | AHD/W7 |
| hypotaxis | n | syntactic subordination (e.g. by conjunction) | AHD/W7 | |
| parataxis | n | placing words/phrases/clauses without connectives | AHD/W7 | |
| syntax | n | connected/orderly system/arrangement | AHD/W7 | |
| tactics | n | art/science of disposing/maneuvering combat forces | AHD/W7 | |
| tagma | n | distinct adjoining arthropod segments | AHD | |
| taxeme | n | minimal linguistic feature | AHD | |
| -taxis | n.sfx | order, arrangement | AHD/W7 | |
| taxis | n | manual restoration of displaced body part | AHD/W7 | |
| West Germanic | ||||
| German: | Taktik | n.fem | tactics | LRC |
| Italic | ||||
| Late Latin: | syntaxis | n.fem | syntax | W7 |
| New Latin: | hypotaxis | n.fem | syntactic subordination | W7 |
| parataxis | n.fem | placment side-by-side | W7 | |
| tactica | n.neut.pl | tactics | W7 | |
| -taxis | sfx | touch, -taxis | W7 | |
| French: | syntaxe | n.fem | syntax: study of sentence organization | W7 |
| Baltic | ||||
| Lithuanian: | patogus | adj | convenient, comfortable | LD/W7 |
| Hellenic | ||||
| Greek: | a-taxia | n.fem | disorder | W7 |
| para-taxis | n.fem | placing side-by-side | W7 | |
| παρα-τάσσω | vb | to place side-by-side | LRC | |
| syn-taxis | n.fem | syntax | W7 | |
| συν-τάσσω | vb | to arrange together | LRC | |
| taktika | n.neut.pl | tactics | W7 | |
| taktikos | adj | tactical, re: order | W7 | |
| taxis | n.fem | placing, arrangement, disposition | W7 | |
| τάσσω | vb | to arrange, put in order | LRC | |
| hypo-taxis | n.fem | subjection | W7 | |
| ὑπο-τάσσω | vb | to arrange under | LRC | |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
| Abbrev. | Meaning | |
|---|---|---|
| adj | = | adjective |
| fem | = | feminine (gender) |
| n | = | noun |
| neut | = | neuter (gender) |
| pl | = | plural (number) |
| sfx | = | suffix |
| vb | = | verb |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
| Code | Citation | |
|---|---|---|
| AHD | = | Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000) |
| LD | = | Bronius Piesarskas and Bronius Svecevicius: Lithuanian Dictionary (1994) |
| LRC | = | Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin |
| W7 | = | Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963) |
