Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: 1. tenk- 'to span, extend; pull, stretch'
Semantic Field(s): to Draw, Pull, to Stretch
Indo-European Reflexes:
| Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English | ||||
| Old English: | hūsting | n.neut | hustings | W7 |
| þing | n.neut | thing, assembly | W7 | |
| Middle English: | hustings | n.sg/pl | hustings | W7 |
| thing | n | thing | W7 | |
| English: | dingus | n | thing/object of unknown/forgotten name | AHD/W7 |
| hustings | n.sg/pl | local municipal court | AHD/W7 | |
| thing | n | event, affair, matter of concern | AHD/W7 | |
| West Germanic | ||||
| Old Frisian: | thing | n.neut | thing, court, meeting | ASD |
| Dutch: | dinges | n | dingus | W7 |
| Old Saxon: | thing | n.neut | thing | ASD |
| thing-hūs | n.neut | court-house | ASD | |
| Old High German: | ding | n.fem | thing, nature, meeting, assembly | ASD/W7 |
| German: | Ding | n.neut | thing | W7 |
| Dings | n.neut | dingus | W7 | |
| North Germanic | ||||
| Old Norse: | hūsþing | n.neut | hustings, lit. house-assembly | W7 |
| þing | n.neut | thing, (legal) assembly | LRC | |
| Icelandic: | þing | n.fem | thing, meeting, assembly | ASD |
| þing | n.fem.pl | things, articles | ASD | |
| Norwegian: | stor-thing | n.fem | parliament | ASD |
| Swedish: | ting | n | thing | TLL |
| East Germanic | ||||
| Gothic: | þeihs | n.neut | time, occasion | RPN |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
| Abbrev. | Meaning | |
|---|---|---|
| fem | = | feminine (gender) |
| n | = | noun |
| neut | = | neuter (gender) |
| pl | = | plural (number) |
| sg | = | singular (number) |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
| Code | Citation | |
|---|---|---|
| AHD | = | Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000) |
| ASD | = | Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898) |
| LRC | = | Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin |
| RPN | = | Allan R. Bomhard: Reconstructing Proto-Nostratic (2002) |
| TLL | = | Frederick Bodmer: The Loom of Language (1944) |
| W7 | = | Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963) |
