Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: terp-, trep- 'to enjoy, satisfy oneself'
Semantic Field(s): Glad, Joyful, to Please
Indo-European Reflexes:
| Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English | ||||
| Old English: | ðearf | n.fem | need, requirement | LRC |
| English: | Euterpe | prop.n | Muse of music/lyric poetry, esp. flute playing (Greek mythology) | LRC |
| West Germanic | ||||
| Old Frisian: | therve | n.fem | need | ASD |
| Old Low German: | therva | n.fem | need | ASD |
| Old High German: | darba | n.fem | need | ASD |
| North Germanic | ||||
| Old Norse: | þurfa, þarf, þurfta | vb | to need, be necessary | LRC |
| þǫrf | n.fem | need, lack | LRC | |
| Icelandic: | þörf | n.fem | need | ASD |
| East Germanic | ||||
| Gothic: | þarba | n.fem | need, want | ASD |
| þaúrban | vb.ptpr | to need, be in want | LRC | |
| þrafstjan | vb | to console, comfort | RPN | |
| Italic | ||||
| Latin: | Euterpe | prop.n.fem | Euterpe | W7 |
| Baltic | ||||
| Lithuanian: | tar̃pti, tar̃psta, tar̃po | vb | to thrive, grow luxuriantly | LRC |
| Hellenic | ||||
| Greek: | εὐ-τερπής | adj | delightful | LRC |
| τέρπω | vb | to delight, satisfy | RPN | |
| Indic | ||||
| Sanskrit: | tṛ́pyati | vb | to delight, satisfy | RPN |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
| Abbrev. | Meaning | |
|---|---|---|
| adj | = | adjective |
| fem | = | feminine (gender) |
| n | = | noun |
| prop | = | proper |
| ptpr | = | preterite-present (verb) |
| vb | = | verb |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
| Code | Citation | |
|---|---|---|
| ASD | = | Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898) |
| LRC | = | Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin |
| RPN | = | Allan R. Bomhard: Reconstructing Proto-Nostratic (2002) |
| W7 | = | Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963) |
