Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: 2. teu- 'to notice, observe, listen to'
Semantic Field(s): to Sense, Perceive; Sense, to Listen, Harken
Indo-European Reflexes:
| Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English | ||||
| Old English: | þēaw | n.masc | thew; habit, custom, disposition | LRC |
| Middle English: | thew | n | thew | W7 |
| tuicioun | n | tuition, protection | W7 | |
| tutor | n | tutor | W7 | |
| English: | intuition | n | immediate cognition/apprehension | AHD/W7 |
| thew | n | sinew, muscle | AHD/W7 | |
| tuition | n | custody, guardianship | AHD/W7 | |
| tutelage | n | guardianship, act of guarding/protecting | AHD/W7 | |
| tutelary | adj | being/serving as guardian/protector | AHD | |
| tutor | n | person charged with guidance/instruction | AHD/W7 | |
| West Germanic | ||||
| Old Saxon: | thau | n.masc | custom, usage, general practice | ASD |
| Old High German: | dau | n.masc | custom, usage, general practice | ASD |
| kathau | n | discipline | W7 | |
| Italic | ||||
| Latin: | intueor, intuērī | vb.dep | to look at, contemplate | W7 |
| intuitus | vb.ptc | looked at, contemplated | W7 | |
| tueor, tuērī | vb.dep | to watch, look at | W7 | |
| tuitiō, tuitiōnis | n.fem | guard, protection | W7 | |
| tuitus | vb.ptc | protected | W7 | |
| tutela | n.fem | guardian, protection | W7 | |
| tutor | n.masc | tutor, protector | W7 | |
| tūtus, tūta, tūtum | adj/vb.ptc | safe, protected | LRC | |
| Late Latin: | intuitio, intuitionis | n.fem | act of contemplating | W7 |
| Old French: | tuicion | n.fem | tuition, protection | W7 |
| Middle French: | tuteur | n.masc | tutor | W7 |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
| Abbrev. | Meaning | |
|---|---|---|
| adj | = | adjective |
| dep | = | deponent |
| fem | = | feminine (gender) |
| masc | = | masculine (gender) |
| n | = | noun |
| ptc | = | participle |
| vb | = | verb |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
| Code | Citation | |
|---|---|---|
| AHD | = | Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000) |
| ASD | = | Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898) |
| LRC | = | Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin |
| W7 | = | Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963) |
