Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: tolku̯- 'to speak'
Semantic Field(s): to Speak, Talk
Indo-European Reflexes:
| Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English | ||||
| Middle English: | elocucioun | n | elocution | W7 |
| locucioun | n | locution | W7 | |
| English: | allocution | n | address | AHD/W7 |
| circumlocution | n | unnecessarily many words | AHD/W7 | |
| colloquium | n | conference | AHD/W7 | |
| colloquy | n | conversation | AHD/W7 | |
| elocution | n | effective public speaking | AHD/W7 | |
| grandiloquence | n | bombast, lofty/pompous eloquence | AHD/W7 | |
| interlocution | n | conversation, interchange of speech | AHD/W7 | |
| locution | n | peculiar/particular form of phrasing/expression | AHD/W7 | |
| loquacious | adj | garrulous, given to excessive talking | AHD/W7 | |
| obloquy | n | strongly condemnatory language/utterance | AHD/W7 | |
| prolocutor | n | spokesman, one speaking for another | AHD/W7 | |
| soliloquy | n | act of talking to self | AHD/W7 | |
| ventriloquism | n | vocalism appearing to come from source other than speaker | AHD/W7 | |
| Italic | ||||
| Latin: | allocutio, allocutionis | n.fem | speech | W7 |
| allocutus | vb.ptc | spoken | W7 | |
| alloquor, alloquī | vb.dep | to address, speak to | W7 | |
| circumlocutio | n.fem | corollary to speech, avoidance of main subject | W7 | |
| colloquium | n.neut | conversation | W7 | |
| colloquor, colloquī | vb.dep | to converse | W7 | |
| elocutio, elocutionis | n.fem | elocution | W7 | |
| elocutus | vb.ptc | having spoken | W7 | |
| eloquentia, eloquentiae | n.fem | eloquence | LRC | |
| eloquor, eloquī | vb.dep | to speak out | W7 | |
| grandiloquus | adj | using lofty language | W7 | |
| interlocutio, interlocutionis | n.fem | interruption of person speaking | W7 | |
| interlocutus | vb.ptc | interrupted when speaking | W7 | |
| interloquor, interloquī | vb.dep | to interrupt, speak between | W7 | |
| locutio, locutionis | n.fem | speech | W7 | |
| locutor | n.masc | speaker | W7 | |
| locutus | vb.ptc | spoken | W7 | |
| loquax, loquacis | adj | talkative | W7 | |
| loquor, loquī, locutus | vb.dep | to speak | LRC | |
| prolocutor | n.masc | orator | W7 | |
| Late Latin: | obloquium | n.neut | speech against (someone/something) | W7 |
| obloquor, obloquī | vb.dep | to speak against | W7 | |
| soliloquium | n.neut | soliloquy | W7 | |
| ventriloquus | n.masc | ventriloquist | W7 | |
| Middle French: | grandiloquence | n.fem | grandiloquence | W7 |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
| Abbrev. | Meaning | |
|---|---|---|
| adj | = | adjective |
| dep | = | deponent |
| fem | = | feminine (gender) |
| masc | = | masculine (gender) |
| n | = | noun |
| neut | = | neuter (gender) |
| ptc | = | participle |
| vb | = | verb |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
| Code | Citation | |
|---|---|---|
| AHD | = | Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000) |
| LRC | = | Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin |
| W7 | = | Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963) |
