Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: 1. u̯ā̆g- 'sheath, cover, hollow lid'
Semantic Field(s): to Cover
Indo-European Reflexes:
| Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English | ||||
| English: | evaginate | vb.trans | to turn inside out | AHD/W7 |
| invaginate | vb | to sheathe, enclose | AHD/W7 | |
| vagina | n | canal from uterus to external genital orifice | AHD/W7 | |
| vanilla | n | tropical American climbing orchid | AHD/W7 | |
| Italic | ||||
| Latin: | evaginatus | vb.ptc | unsheathed | W7 |
| evagino, evagināre | vb | to unsheathe, evaginate | W7 | |
| vagina | n.fem | sheath, vagina | W7 | |
| Medieval Latin: | invagino, invaginare | vb | to invaginate | W7 |
| New Latin: | vanilla | n.fem | vanilla | W7 |
| Spanish: | vaina | n.fem | sheath | W7 |
| vainilla | n.fem | vanilla (plant/fruit) | W7 | |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
| Abbrev. | Meaning | |
|---|---|---|
| fem | = | feminine (gender) |
| n | = | noun |
| ptc | = | participle |
| trans | = | transitive |
| vb | = | verb |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
| Code | Citation | |
|---|---|---|
| AHD | = | Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000) |
| W7 | = | Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963) |
