Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: u̯eip-, u̯eib- 'to turn, whip, sway, vibrate'
Semantic Field(s): to Turn
Indo-European Reflexes:
Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|
English | ||||
Old English: | mere-wīf | n.neut | water-witch, woman living in lake | ASD |
wīf | n.neut | wife, woman | LRC | |
wīf-man(n), wīf-men | n.str.masc | woman, lit. wife-man | ASD/W7 | |
wīm-man(n), wīm-men | n.str.masc | woman, lit. wife-man | ASD | |
wimpel | n.masc | wimple | W7 | |
wīpian | vb | to wipe | W7 | |
Middle English: | waif | n | waif | W7 |
weiven | vb | to waive | W7 | |
w(h)ippen | vb | to whip | W7 | |
wif | n | wife | W7 | |
wimble | n | wimble | W7 | |
wimpel | n | wimple | W7 | |
wipen | vb | to wipe | W7 | |
woman, women | n | woman | W7 | |
English: | Entwives | prop.n.pl | adult female Ents in Tolkien: The Lord of the Rings | LRC |
gimp | n | ornamental braid/cord for trimming | AHD/W7 | |
guimpe | n | blouse worn under jumper/pinafore | AHD/W7 | |
guipure | n | heavy decorative lace | AHD/W7 | |
vibrate | vb | to swing/move to and fro | AHD/W7 | |
waif | n | unclaimed property (e.g. washed up by sea) | AHD/W7 | |
waive | vb.trans | to forsake, abandon, give up | AHD/W7 | |
waiver | n | intentional abandonment/relinquishment of right/claim/privilege | AHD/W7 | |
whip | vb | to take/pull/jerk/move quickly/forcefully | AHD/W7 | |
wife, wives | n | (married) woman | W7 | |
wimble | n | auger, instrument for boring holes | AHD/W7 | |
wimple | n | cloth covering worn over head/around neck/chin by women | AHD/W7 | |
wipe | vb.trans | to rub/clean with something soft | AHD/W7 | |
woman, women | n | adult female human being | W7 | |
British English: | charwoman | n | woman hired to clean house/office | W7 |
West Germanic | ||||
Old Frisian: | wīf | n.neut | wife, woman | ASD |
Middle Dutch: | wimmel | n | wimble | W7 |
wippen | n | to whip, sway, move up and down | W7 | |
Old Saxon: | wīf | n.neut | wife, woman | ASD |
Middle Low German: | wimmel | n | wimble | W7 |
Old High German: | wīb, wīp | n.neut | wife, woman | ASD/W7 |
wīfan | vb | to wind around | W7 | |
wimpal | n.masc | wimple, garment | ASD | |
German: | wippen | vb | to whip, sway, move up and down | LRC |
North Germanic | ||||
Icelandic: | vimpill | n.masc | hood, veil, wimple | ASD |
víf | n.neut | wife, woman | ASD | |
East Germanic | ||||
Gothic: | biwáibjan | vb.wk.I | to wrap, clothe | LRC |
Italic | ||||
Latin: | vibratus | vb.ptc | shaken, vibrated | W7 |
vibrō, vibrāre | vb | to shake, vibrate | W7 | |
Old French: | guimple | n | wimple, garment | AHD |
guiper | vb | to cover with silk | AHD | |
Old North French: | waif | adj | lost, unclaimed | W7 |
weyver | vb | to waive | W7 | |
Anglo-French: | weyver | vb | to waive | W7 |
wimble | n.masc | wimble | W7 | |
French: | guimpe | n.fem | nun's wimple, chemisette | W7 |
guipure | n | guipure | W7 |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
Abbrev. | Meaning | |
---|---|---|
I | = | class 1 |
adj | = | adjective |
fem | = | feminine (gender) |
masc | = | masculine (gender) |
n | = | noun |
neut | = | neuter (gender) |
pl | = | plural (number) |
prop | = | proper |
ptc | = | participle |
str | = | strong (inflection) |
trans | = | transitive |
vb | = | verb |
wk | = | weak (inflection) |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
Code | Citation | |
---|---|---|
AHD | = | Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000) |
ASD | = | Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898) |
LRC | = | Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin |
W7 | = | Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963) |