Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: u̯eik̑-, u̯ik̑-, u̯oik̑o- 'house, village, settlement'
Semantic Field(s): House
Indo-European Reflexes:
Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|
English | ||||
Old English: | wīc | n.neut | abode; town, village | W7 |
Middle English: | baillifwik, bailiewike | n | bailiwick | CDC/W7 |
diocise | n | diocese | W7 | |
parisshe | n | parish | W7 | |
parochiall | adj | parochial | W7 | |
vesinage | n | vicinage, vicinity | W7 | |
vilain | n | villain | W7 | |
vilein | n | villein | W7 | |
village | n | village | W7 | |
wik | n | abode, village | W7 | |
English: | androecium | n | aggregate of microsporophylls in seed-plant flower | AHD/W7 |
autoecious | adj | passing all life-cycle stages on same host | AHD/W7 | |
bailiwick | n | office/jurisdiction of bailiff | AHD/W7 | |
bidonville | n | shanty town of improvised dwellings | AHD | |
diocese | n | territorial jurisdiction of bishop | AHD/W7 | |
dioecious | adj | with male/female sex organs in different individuals | AHD/W7 | |
dioicous | adj | having archegonia/antheridia on separate plants | AHD/W7 | |
ecesis | n | establishment of plant/animal in new habitat | AHD/W7 | |
ecumenical | adj | general/worldwide in extent/influence/application | AHD/W7 | |
heteroecious | adj | passing different life-cycle stages on alternate/unrelated hosts | AHD/W7 | |
monoecious | adj | hermaphroditic, with male/female sex organs in same individual | AHD/W7 | |
nasty | adj | disgustingly dirty, physically repellent | AHD | |
parish | n | ecclesiastical unit committed to one pastor | AHD/W7 | |
parochial | adj | re: church parish | AHD/W7 | |
Vaisya | prop.n | upper-caste commercial/agricultural Hindu | LRC | |
vicinage | n | vicinity, neighboring/surrounding district | AHD/W7 | |
vicinity | n | proximity, nearby area | AHD/W7 | |
villa | n | country estate | AHD/W7 | |
village | n | settlement larger than hamlet but smaller than town | AHD/W7 | |
villain | n | villein | AHD/W7 | |
villanelle | n | (chiefly French) verse form | AHD/W7 | |
villein | n | free common peasant villager | AHD/W7 | |
-wich, -wick | n.sfx | abode, village (e.g. Warwick) | LRC | |
West Germanic | ||||
Old Frisian: | wīk | n.fem | abode, village | ASD |
Old Saxon: | wīk | n.neut | abode, village | ASD |
Old High German: | wīch, wīh | n.masc | abode, village | ASD |
East Germanic | ||||
Gothic: | weihs | n.neut | village | GED |
Italic | ||||
Latin: | dioecesis | n.fem | administrative division | W7 |
vicinitas, vicinitatis | n.fem | neighbor | W7 | |
vicinus | adj | neighboring | W7 | |
vīcus, vīcī | n.masc | village, hamlet; row of houses | LRC | |
villa | n.fem | country estate | W7 | |
Late Latin: | oecumenicus | adj | ecumenical | W7 |
parochia | n.fem | parish | W7 | |
parochialis | adj | parochial | W7 | |
Medieval Latin: | villanus | adj | rustic | W7 |
New Latin: | androecium | n.neut | androecium | W7 |
dioicus | adj | dioicous | W7 | |
ecesis | n.fem | ecesis | W7 | |
Old French: | village | n.masc | village | W7 |
ville | n.fem | farm; village | W7 | |
Middle French: | diocise | n.masc | diocese | W7 |
parochial | adj | parochial | W7 | |
parroche | n.fem | parish | W7 | |
vesin | adj | neighboring | W7 | |
vesinage | n.masc | neighborhood | W7 | |
vicinité | n.fem | vicinity, neigborhood | W7 | |
vilein | adj | re: low social class | W7 | |
French: | villanelle | n.fem | pastoral song/dance/poetry | W7 |
Italian: | villa | n.fem | country-house | W7 |
Baltic | ||||
Lithuanian: | viẽšpats | n | lord, master | LRC |
Slavic | ||||
Old Russian: | vĭsĭ | n | village | LRC |
Hellenic | ||||
Homeric Greek: | (Ϝ)οἶκος | n | house, home | LRC |
Greek: | διοικεσις | n.fem | management, administration | LS |
διοικέω | vb | to govern, keep house | LS | |
ἐνοικέω | vb | to inhabit, dwell in | LRC | |
κατοικέω | vb | to dwell | LRC | |
οἴκαδε | adv | home | LRC | |
οἰκέω | vb | to dwell, inhabit | LS | |
οἰκησις | n.fem | dwelling, inhabitation | LS | |
οἰκία | n.fem | house | LRC | |
οἰκίον | n.neut | house, abode | LS | |
οἴκοι | adv | at home | LRC | |
οἶκόνδε | adv | (to his) home | LRC | |
οἶκος | n.masc | house, abode | LRC | |
οἰκουμένη | n.fem | the inhabited world | LRC | |
οἰκουμενικός | adj | ecumenical | W7 | |
πάροικος | adj | parochial, neighboring | LS | |
Late Greek: | παροικία | n.fem | parish | LRC |
πάροικος | adj | Christian, re: parish | LRC | |
Iranian | ||||
Old Persian: | vith- | n | house; clan; village | LRC |
Avestan: | vaēso | n | house | LRC |
vīs- | n | house; clan; village | LRC | |
vīsaiti | vb | to enter | LRC | |
Indic | ||||
Sanskrit: | víś | n | clan, tribe; dwelling; settlement | W7 |
vaiśya | n | upper-caste Hindu traditionally assigned to commercial/agricultural occupation | W7 |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
Abbrev. | Meaning | |
---|---|---|
adj | = | adjective |
adv | = | adverb(ial) |
fem | = | feminine (gender) |
masc | = | masculine (gender) |
n | = | noun |
neut | = | neuter (gender) |
prop | = | proper |
sfx | = | suffix |
vb | = | verb |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
Code | Citation | |
---|---|---|
AHD | = | Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000) |
ASD | = | Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898) |
CDC | = | W.D. Whitney and B.E. Smith: The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia (1889-1911) |
GED | = | Winfred P. Lehmann: A Gothic Etymological Dictionary (1986) |
LRC | = | Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin |
LS | = | Liddell and Scott: Greek-English Lexicon, 7th-9th ed's (1882-1940), rev. |
W7 | = | Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963) |