Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: u̯eik̑-, u̯ik̑-, u̯oik̑o- 'house, village, settlement'
Semantic Field(s): House
Indo-European Reflexes:
| Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English | ||||
| Old English: | wīc | n.neut | abode; town, village | W7 |
| Middle English: | baillifwik, bailiewike | n | bailiwick | CDC/W7 |
| diocise | n | diocese | W7 | |
| parisshe | n | parish | W7 | |
| parochiall | adj | parochial | W7 | |
| vesinage | n | vicinage, vicinity | W7 | |
| vilain | n | villain | W7 | |
| vilein | n | villein | W7 | |
| village | n | village | W7 | |
| wik | n | abode, village | W7 | |
| English: | androecium | n | aggregate of microsporophylls in seed-plant flower | AHD/W7 |
| autoecious | adj | passing all life-cycle stages on same host | AHD/W7 | |
| bailiwick | n | office/jurisdiction of bailiff | AHD/W7 | |
| bidonville | n | shanty town of improvised dwellings | AHD | |
| diocese | n | territorial jurisdiction of bishop | AHD/W7 | |
| dioecious | adj | with male/female sex organs in different individuals | AHD/W7 | |
| dioicous | adj | having archegonia/antheridia on separate plants | AHD/W7 | |
| ecesis | n | establishment of plant/animal in new habitat | AHD/W7 | |
| ecumenical | adj | general/worldwide in extent/influence/application | AHD/W7 | |
| heteroecious | adj | passing different life-cycle stages on alternate/unrelated hosts | AHD/W7 | |
| monoecious | adj | hermaphroditic, with male/female sex organs in same individual | AHD/W7 | |
| nasty | adj | disgustingly dirty, physically repellent | AHD | |
| parish | n | ecclesiastical unit committed to one pastor | AHD/W7 | |
| parochial | adj | re: church parish | AHD/W7 | |
| Vaisya | prop.n | upper-caste commercial/agricultural Hindu | LRC | |
| vicinage | n | vicinity, neighboring/surrounding district | AHD/W7 | |
| vicinity | n | proximity, nearby area | AHD/W7 | |
| villa | n | country estate | AHD/W7 | |
| village | n | settlement larger than hamlet but smaller than town | AHD/W7 | |
| villain | n | villein | AHD/W7 | |
| villanelle | n | (chiefly French) verse form | AHD/W7 | |
| villein | n | free common peasant villager | AHD/W7 | |
| -wich, -wick | n.sfx | abode, village (e.g. Warwick) | LRC | |
| West Germanic | ||||
| Old Frisian: | wīk | n.fem | abode, village | ASD |
| Old Saxon: | wīk | n.neut | abode, village | ASD |
| Old High German: | wīch, wīh | n.masc | abode, village | ASD |
| East Germanic | ||||
| Gothic: | weihs | n.neut | village | GED |
| Italic | ||||
| Latin: | dioecesis | n.fem | administrative division | W7 |
| vicinitas, vicinitatis | n.fem | neighbor | W7 | |
| vicinus | adj | neighboring | W7 | |
| vīcus, vīcī | n.masc | village, hamlet; row of houses | LRC | |
| villa | n.fem | country estate | W7 | |
| Late Latin: | oecumenicus | adj | ecumenical | W7 |
| parochia | n.fem | parish | W7 | |
| parochialis | adj | parochial | W7 | |
| Medieval Latin: | villanus | adj | rustic | W7 |
| New Latin: | androecium | n.neut | androecium | W7 |
| dioicus | adj | dioicous | W7 | |
| ecesis | n.fem | ecesis | W7 | |
| Old French: | village | n.masc | village | W7 |
| ville | n.fem | farm; village | W7 | |
| Middle French: | diocise | n.masc | diocese | W7 |
| parochial | adj | parochial | W7 | |
| parroche | n.fem | parish | W7 | |
| vesin | adj | neighboring | W7 | |
| vesinage | n.masc | neighborhood | W7 | |
| vicinité | n.fem | vicinity, neigborhood | W7 | |
| vilein | adj | re: low social class | W7 | |
| French: | villanelle | n.fem | pastoral song/dance/poetry | W7 |
| Italian: | villa | n.fem | country-house | W7 |
| Baltic | ||||
| Lithuanian: | viẽšpats | n | lord, master | LRC |
| Slavic | ||||
| Old Russian: | vĭsĭ | n | village | LRC |
| Hellenic | ||||
| Homeric Greek: | (Ϝ)οἶκος | n | house, home | LRC |
| Greek: | διοικεσις | n.fem | management, administration | LS |
| διοικέω | vb | to govern, keep house | LS | |
| ἐνοικέω | vb | to inhabit, dwell in | LRC | |
| κατοικέω | vb | to dwell | LRC | |
| οἴκαδε | adv | home | LRC | |
| οἰκέω | vb | to dwell, inhabit | LS | |
| οἰκησις | n.fem | dwelling, inhabitation | LS | |
| οἰκία | n.fem | house | LRC | |
| οἰκίον | n.neut | house, abode | LS | |
| οἴκοι | adv | at home | LRC | |
| οἶκόνδε | adv | (to his) home | LRC | |
| οἶκος | n.masc | house, abode | LRC | |
| οἰκουμένη | n.fem | the inhabited world | LRC | |
| οἰκουμενικός | adj | ecumenical | W7 | |
| πάροικος | adj | parochial, neighboring | LS | |
| Late Greek: | παροικία | n.fem | parish | LRC |
| πάροικος | adj | Christian, re: parish | LRC | |
| Iranian | ||||
| Old Persian: | vith- | n | house; clan; village | LRC |
| Avestan: | vaēso | n | house | LRC |
| vīs- | n | house; clan; village | LRC | |
| vīsaiti | vb | to enter | LRC | |
| Indic | ||||
| Sanskrit: | víś | n | clan, tribe; dwelling; settlement | W7 |
| vaiśya | n | upper-caste Hindu traditionally assigned to commercial/agricultural occupation | W7 | |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
| Abbrev. | Meaning | |
|---|---|---|
| adj | = | adjective |
| adv | = | adverb(ial) |
| fem | = | feminine (gender) |
| masc | = | masculine (gender) |
| n | = | noun |
| neut | = | neuter (gender) |
| prop | = | proper |
| sfx | = | suffix |
| vb | = | verb |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
| Code | Citation | |
|---|---|---|
| AHD | = | Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000) |
| ASD | = | Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898) |
| CDC | = | W.D. Whitney and B.E. Smith: The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia (1889-1911) |
| GED | = | Winfred P. Lehmann: A Gothic Etymological Dictionary (1986) |
| LRC | = | Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin |
| LS | = | Liddell and Scott: Greek-English Lexicon, 7th-9th ed's (1882-1940), rev. |
| W7 | = | Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963) |