Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: u̯ē̆su- 'good'
Semantic Field(s): Good
Indo-European Reflexes:
| Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Celtic | ||||
| Middle Irish: | febas | n | excellence | GED |
| Irish: | fīu | adj | worthy | GED |
| Welsh: | gwiw | adj | worthy | GED |
| Gaulish: | vēsu- | adj | good | GED |
| West Germanic | ||||
| Old High German: | wisi-, wisu- | n.pfx | noble- (?) | GED |
| East Germanic | ||||
| Gothic: | iusiza | adj.comp | better | GED |
| Hellenic | ||||
| Homeric Greek: | ἐύς | adj | good, noble | GED |
| Anatolian | ||||
| Luwian: | u̯asu- | adv | well | GED |
| Palaic: | u̯asu- | adj | good | GED |
| Iranian | ||||
| Avestan: | vąhuš | adj | good | GED |
| Indic | ||||
| Sanskrit: | vásuṣ | adj | good | GED |
| vasvī | n | night | GED | |
| Tocharian | ||||
| Tocharian B: | yaṣi | n | night (good period) | GED |
| Tocharian A: | wṣe | n | night (good period) | GED |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
| Abbrev. | Meaning | |
|---|---|---|
| adj | = | adjective |
| adv | = | adverb(ial) |
| comp | = | comparative |
| n | = | noun |
| pfx | = | prefix |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
| Code | Citation | |
|---|---|---|
| GED | = | Winfred P. Lehmann: A Gothic Etymological Dictionary (1986) |