Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: 1. am-, mē- 'to grab, seize'
Semantic Field(s): to Grasp, Seize, Take Hold of
Indo-European Reflexes:
Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|
English | ||||
Middle English: | ample | adj | ample | AHD |
amplifien, amplifyen | vb | to amplify | CDC | |
English: | ample | adj | great, large | LRC |
amplify | vb | to extend, enlarge, make ample | LRC | |
amplitude | n | fullness, state/quality of being ample | AHD/W7 | |
Italic | ||||
Latin: | amplificō, amplificāre | vb | to amplify | CDC |
amplitūdō | n | amplitude | AHD | |
amplius | adj.comp | more, greater | LRC | |
amplus | adj | ample, distinguished | LRC | |
Portuguese: | amplificar | vb | to amplify | CDC |
Spanish: | amplificar | vb | to amplify | CDC |
Old French: | ample | adj | ample | AHD |
amplifier | vb | to amplify | CDC | |
Provençal: | amplificar | vb | to amplify | CDC |
Italian: | amplificare | vb | to amplify | CDC |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
Abbrev. | Meaning | |
---|---|---|
adj | = | adjective |
comp | = | comparative |
n | = | noun |
vb | = | verb |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
Code | Citation | |
---|---|---|
AHD | = | Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000) |
CDC | = | W.D. Whitney and B.E. Smith: The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia (1889-1911) |
LRC | = | Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin |
W7 | = | Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963) |