Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: 5. au̯-, au̯ē- 'to plait, weave'
Semantic Field(s): to Plait, to Weave
Indo-European Reflexes:
| Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English | ||||
| Old English: | gewǣde | n | weed | W7 |
| wæd | n.fem | weed | CDC | |
| wǣd(e) | n.neut | weed | CDC | |
| watel, watul | n | wattle, hurdle; [pl.] twigs, thatching, tiles | CDC | |
| Middle English: | wat(t)el | n | wattle, hurdle; [pl.] twigs, thatching, tiles | CDC |
| wede, wæde | n | weed | CDC | |
| English: | wattle | n | poles interwoven with branches | AHD/W7 |
| weed | n | cloth, clothing, (mourning) garment | AHD/W7 | |
| West Germanic | ||||
| Old Frisian: | wēd(e) | n | weed | CDC |
| Middle Dutch: | wade, waede | n | weed | CDC |
| Old Saxon: | wādi | n | weed | CDC |
| Old Low German: | wādi | n.neut | clothing | ASD |
| Old High German: | wadal | n | bandage | W7 |
| wāt | n | weed, garment, accoutrements; armor | CDC | |
| Middle High German: | wāt | n | weed, garment, accoutrements; armor | CDC |
| German: | wat | n | weed | CDC |
| Bavarian: | wadel | n | wattle, twigs, fir-branches | CDC |
| Swiss German: | wedele | n | wattle, bundle of twigs | CDC |
| North Germanic | ||||
| Old Norse: | auðigr | adj | rich, wealthy | LRC |
| auðna, auðnað | vb | to fall out by fate | LRC | |
| auðr | n.masc | wealth, riches, treasure; precious objects | LRC | |
| váð | n.fem | weed; [pl.] clothes | LRC | |
| Icelandic: | vāð | n.fem | garment, piece of stuff | ASD |
| East Germanic | ||||
| Gothic: | ga-widan | vb | to bind together | CDC |
| Baltic | ||||
| Lithuanian: | austi | vb | to grow, dawn | LD/W7 |
| Iranian | ||||
| Avestan: | vað | vb | to clothe | CDC |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
| Abbrev. | Meaning | |
|---|---|---|
| adj | = | adjective |
| fem | = | feminine (gender) |
| masc | = | masculine (gender) |
| n | = | noun |
| neut | = | neuter (gender) |
| vb | = | verb |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
| Code | Citation | |
|---|---|---|
| AHD | = | Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000) |
| ASD | = | Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898) |
| CDC | = | W.D. Whitney and B.E. Smith: The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia (1889-1911) |
| LD | = | Bronius Piesarskas and Bronius Svecevicius: Lithuanian Dictionary (1994) |
| LRC | = | Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin |
| W7 | = | Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963) |
