Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: 7. au̯-, au̯ē-, au̯ēi- 'to like, help'
Semantic Field(s): to Help, Aid
Indo-European Reflexes:
| Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Celtic | ||||
| Old Irish: | con-ōi | vb.3.sg | helps | GED |
| Gaulish: | Avicantus | prop.n | [personal name] | GED |
| English | ||||
| Old English: | Eanmund | prop.n | Eanmund [personal name] | GED |
| English: | Eanmund | prop.n | Swedish prince in Beowulf | LRC |
| West Germanic | ||||
| Old Saxon: | ālat | n.masc/neut | thanks | GED |
| ōlat | n.masc/neut | thanks | GED | |
| Onmund | prop.n | [personal name] | GED | |
| Old High German: | Awa, Awo | prop.n | [personal name] | GED |
| Awi- | prop.n.pfx | [personal name] | GED | |
| Onmund | prop.n | [personal name] | GED | |
| North Germanic | ||||
| Runic: | auja | n | good fortune | GED |
| Old Icelandic: | Aunmundr | prop.n | [personal name] | GED |
| East Germanic | ||||
| Gothic: | awiliuþ | n.neut | thanks | GED |
| Onemunds | prop.n | [personal name] | GED | |
| Onila | prop.n | [personal name] | GED | |
| Italic | ||||
| Latin: | audeō, audēre, ausus | vb | to dare to do | LRC |
| aveō | vb | to yearn for | GED | |
| avidus, avida, avidum | adj | eager, desirous | LRC | |
| Hellenic | ||||
| Greek: | αἴτα | n | friend, beloved | GED |
| ἀῑ́τᾱς | n | friend, beloved | GED | |
| ἐνηής | adj | well-wishing | GED | |
| Armenian | ||||
| Armenian: | aviun | n | inspiration | GED |
| Iranian | ||||
| Avestan: | avaiti | vb.3.sg | helps | GED |
| Indic | ||||
| Sanskrit: | ávati | vb | to favor | GED |
| áviṣ | adj | favorable | GED | |
| Tocharian | ||||
| Tocharian A: | aulāre | n | friend, companion | GED |
| olar | n | friend, companion | GED | |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
| Abbrev. | Meaning | |
|---|---|---|
| 3 | = | 3rd person |
| adj | = | adjective |
| masc | = | masculine (gender) |
| n | = | noun |
| neut | = | neuter (gender) |
| pfx | = | prefix |
| prop | = | proper |
| sg | = | singular (number) |
| vb | = | verb |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
| Code | Citation | |
|---|---|---|
| GED | = | Winfred P. Lehmann: A Gothic Etymological Dictionary (1986) |
| LRC | = | Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin |
