Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: au̯ei-, əu̯ei-? 'bird, avifauna'
Semantic Field(s): Bird
Indo-European Reflexes:
| Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English | ||||
| Middle English: | bustard | n | bustard | W7 |
| English: | auspice | n | augury observation | AHD/W7 |
| avian | adj | re: birds | AHD/W7 | |
| aviary | n | place for confining birds | AHD/W7 | |
| aviation | n | heavier-than-air aircraft operation | AHD/W7 | |
| aviculture | n | rearing/care of captive birds | AHD/W7 | |
| avifauna | n | flying animal(s) | AHD/W7 | |
| bustard | n | family of Australian/Old World game birds | AHD/W7 | |
| ocarina | n | small wind instrument | AHD/W7 | |
| osprey | n | fish-eating hawk | AHD | |
| West Germanic | ||||
| German: | Okarina | n.fem | ocarina | LRC |
| Italic | ||||
| Latin: | auspex | n | leader, protector, bird augur | AHD |
| auspicium | n.neut | auspice, divination by bird flight | W7 | |
| aviarium | n.neut | aviary, bird cage | W7 | |
| avis, avis | n.fem | bird | LRC | |
| aviscultura | n | aviculture | CDC | |
| avisfauna | n | avifauna | CDC | |
| Late Latin: | auca | n.fem | bird | W7 |
| New Latin: | avifauna | n.fem | avifauna, flying animals | W7 |
| Middle French: | bistarde | n.fem | bustard | W7 |
| French: | auspice | n | auspice | CDC |
| aviation | n.fem | aviation | W7 | |
| oiseau | n | bird | TLL | |
| Old Italian: | bistarda | n.fem | bustard | W7 |
| Italian: | òca | n.fem | goose | W7 |
| ocarina | n.fem | ocarina | W7 | |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
| Abbrev. | Meaning | |
|---|---|---|
| adj | = | adjective |
| fem | = | feminine (gender) |
| n | = | noun |
| neut | = | neuter (gender) |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
| Code | Citation | |
|---|---|---|
| AHD | = | Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000) |
| CDC | = | W.D. Whitney and B.E. Smith: The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia (1889-1911) |
| LRC | = | Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin |
| TLL | = | Frederick Bodmer: The Loom of Language (1944) |
| W7 | = | Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963) |
