Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: bhles- 'to shine, glitter'
Semantic Field(s): to Shine, Glisten
Indo-European Reflexes:
| Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English | ||||
| Old English: | blæse, blase | n.fem | blaze: fire, torch | ASD/W7 |
| Middle English: | blase | n | blaze | W7 |
| blemiss(h)en | vb | to blemish | CDC/W7 | |
| English: | blaze | n | intensely burning fire | AHD/W7 |
| blaze | n | white spot | GED/IEW | |
| blaze | vb | to flame, flare up, burn brightly | W7 | |
| blemish | vb.trans | to sully, spoil by flaw | AHD/W7 | |
| blesbok | n | S African highveld antelope with facial blaze | AHD/W7 | |
| Scots English: | bleeze, blese | n | blaze: fire, torch | CDC |
| West Germanic | ||||
| Afrikaans: | bles | n | blaze: spot | W7 |
| blesbok | n | blesbok, lit. blaze (spotted) buck | W7 | |
| Middle Low German: | blas | n | blaze: fire, torch | CDC |
| Low German: | blas | n | blaze: fire, torch | CDC |
| Old High German: | blasros | n | blaze: spot (on forehead of horse) | GED/IEW |
| blassa | n | blaze: spot (on forehead of horse) | GED | |
| Middle High German: | blas | n.neut | blaze: fire, torch | ASD/RPN |
| German: | blass | adj | pale | W7 |
| Blässe | n.fem | paleness | LRC | |
| Blesse | n.fem | blaze: spot | LRC | |
| North Germanic | ||||
| Old Norse: | blesóttr | n | blaze: spot (on forehead) | LRC |
| Italic | ||||
| Middle French: | blesmir, blesmissé | vb | to make white | W7 |
| French: | blêmir | vb | to grow pale/white | CDC |
| Old Occitan: | blesmar | vb | to soil, blemish | CDC |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
| Abbrev. | Meaning | |
|---|---|---|
| adj | = | adjective |
| fem | = | feminine (gender) |
| n | = | noun |
| neut | = | neuter (gender) |
| trans | = | transitive |
| vb | = | verb |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
| Code | Citation | |
|---|---|---|
| AHD | = | Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000) |
| ASD | = | Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898) |
| CDC | = | W.D. Whitney and B.E. Smith: The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia (1889-1911) |
| GED | = | Winfred P. Lehmann: A Gothic Etymological Dictionary (1986) |
| IEW | = | Julius Pokorny: Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (1959) |
| LRC | = | Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin |
| RPN | = | Allan R. Bomhard: Reconstructing Proto-Nostratic (2002) |
| W7 | = | Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963) |
