Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: engu̯-, n̥gu̯ḗn 'bump, swelling'
Semantic Field(s): Form, Shape (n)
Indo-European Reflexes:
| Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English | ||||
| English: | inguinal | adj | re: groin/lowest lateral abdomenal region | AHD/W7 |
| lymphadenitis | n | lymph gland inflammation | AHD/W7 | |
| mesonephros | n | middle embryonic renal organ in higher vertebrate | AHD/W7 | |
| metanephros | n | posterior embryonic renal organ in higher vertebrate | AHD/W7 | |
| nephron | n | single excretory unit of vertebrate kidney | AHD/W7 | |
| perinephrium | n | fatty connective tissue surrounding kidney | AHD | |
| pronephros | n | anterior embryonic renal organ in higher vertebrate | AHD/W7 | |
| sialadenitis | n | salivary gland inflammation | AHD | |
| West Germanic | ||||
| Dutch: | nier | n | kidney | TLL |
| German: | Nephron | n | nephron | W7 |
| Niere | n | kidney | TLL | |
| North Germanic | ||||
| Danish: | nyre | n | kidney | TLL |
| Swedish: | njure | n | kidney | TLL |
| Italic | ||||
| Latin: | inguinalis | adj | of the groin | W7 |
| lympha | n | water goddess | W7 | |
| New Latin: | lymph- | pfx | water | W7 |
| lymphaden | n.neut | lymph gland | W7 | |
| lymphadenitis | n.fem | inflammation of lymph glands | W7 | |
| mesonephros | n.masc | middle embryonic renal organ in higher vertebrate | W7 | |
| metanephros | n.masc | posterior embryonic renal organ in higher vertebrate | W7 | |
| pronephros | n.masc | anterior embryonic renal organ in higher vertebrate | W7 | |
| Hellenic | ||||
| Greek: | nephros | n.masc | kidney | W7 |
| νψμπηε̄ | n | nymph | LRC | |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
| Abbrev. | Meaning | |
|---|---|---|
| adj | = | adjective |
| fem | = | feminine (gender) |
| masc | = | masculine (gender) |
| n | = | noun |
| neut | = | neuter (gender) |
| pfx | = | prefix |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
| Code | Citation | |
|---|---|---|
| AHD | = | Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000) |
| LRC | = | Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin |
| TLL | = | Frederick Bodmer: The Loom of Language (1944) |
| W7 | = | Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963) |
